Although the hormone adrenaline is known to regulate memory storage, it does not pass from the blood into brain cells. We are faced with an apparent paradox: how can a hormone that does not act directly on the brain have such a large effect on brain function? Recently, we tested the possibility that one of the hormone’s actions outside the brain might be responsible. Since one consequence of adrenaline release in an animal is an increase in blood glucose levels, we examined the effects of glucose on memory in rats. We found that glucose injected immediately after training enhances memory tested the next day. Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline’s ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline. These results are as they should be if adrenaline affects memory modulation by increasing blood glucose levels. 4. The author refers to the results of the experiment using adrenergic antagonists as “negative findings” (line 13) most likely because the adrenergic antagonists (A) failed to disrupt adrenaline’s effect on memory (B) did not affect glucose’s ability to enhance memory (C) did not block adrenaline’s ability to increase blood glucose levels (D) only partially affected adrenaline’s ability to enhance memory (E) disrupted both adrenaline’s and glucose’s effect on memory 答案是：B 首先,我對文章的理解是這樣的 待解釋的現象：hormone adrenaline是怎麼不和大腦直接作用而影響記憶？ 讀到這,我就知道文章接下來要說明問號的內容 ： hormone adrenaline -> ? -> 記憶 果然,是因為adrenaline產生葡萄糖 而葡萄糖影響記憶 證據1： 把葡萄糖注入老鼠 記憶up 反向證據2 : 某drug會block adrenaline的接收器 所以無法影響記憶 而且不影響不是由adrenaline產生的葡萄糖 我的問題是 我看不懂證據2的意義在哪？為何他是反向證據 而且證據1已經說明葡萄糖響記憶 那麼證據2的"不是由adrenaline產生的葡萄糖”本來就不會被影響阿 為什麼”不是由adrenaline產生的葡萄糖不被影響” 這句話卻成為反向證據的關鍵 我不知道我是不理解文章意思還是沒有搞懂反向證據的意思 麻煩高手解答 謝謝 --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 118.165.18.244 ※ 文章網址: https://webptt.com/m.aspx?n=bbs/GRE/M.1453975397.A.744.html ※ 編輯: SuperMaster (118.165.18.244), 01/28/2016 18:07:22