句子 A WWII conscript, SM was wounded in a bombing raid. 中，句首以逗號分開的 成份 A WWII conscript 究竟是不是主詞 SM 的同位語？如果不是，又是什麽？因為有 兩極看法引起我的好奇，於是從 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 的分析內容得到佐證線索，摘錄一部分原文如下，加上中文 [...] 評論： (p997, 14.9) When the verbless clause is reduced to its minimum of a single complement or adverbial, it may not be easy to distinguish it from an appositive construction (cf 17.65ff), a nonrestrictive postmodifier (cf 17.48f), or an adverbial which is a direct constituent of the main clause. [無動詞子句一旦減 化到剩下單一的補充結構或副詞修飾語時，有時會被誤認為是同位語或其他結構，不易分 辨。] The initial prepositional phrase below is an adverbial of the sentence: 　 Of humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory. It might be regarded as an adverbial realized by a verbless clause consisting of just a complement, because its analysis is directly parallel to nominal or verbless clauses like: 　 A man of humble parentage, ... ～Born of humble parentage,... [上面的 Of humble parentage 是一個形成自無動詞子句的副詞修飾語，是一個補充結構 ，它和名詞結構 A man of humble parentage 或無動詞子句 Born of humble parentage 有直接而相應的文法分析。] Similarly, if the final noun phrase below had been placed next to the subject we would have recognized it as full apposition: [下面句子句尾的修飾語 an artifice of green-black liquescent marble 如果搬到緊 接主詞後，就成了同位語。] 　 The river lay in its crescent loop entirely without movement, an artifice of green-black liquescent marble. As it is, we could regard it as a verbless clause functioning as an adverbial. [留在句尾，它是一個無動詞子句，功能是作為副詞修飾語。] Indeed, many instances of partial apposition with noun phrases (cf 17.66) could be equally regarded as verbless clauses, eg: 　 Judge Clement Turpin, now a federal appeals court judge, is being considered for appointment to the US Supreme Court. [同樣地，以上句子中，主詞後的第二個名詞是同位語，或可視為無動詞子句。] (pp1314-1315, 17.84) An attribution appositive is to be distinguished from a verbless adverbial clause. Verbless adverbial clauses (cf 14.9) often occur initially and are characteristically interpreted as concessive or causal: [我們必須區分屬性型的同位語和作副詞修飾語的無動詞子句。後者經常出現在句首，提 供讓步或因果關係的語義。] 　 An even-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard what had happened. [1] 　 The heir to a fortune, her friend did not care about passing examinations. [2] The verbless clause in [1] is interpreted as concessive: 'Though he was an even-tempered man'. ... The verbless clause in [2], on the other hand, is Interpreted as causal: 'Since she was the heir to a fortune'. [以上兩例句中， 句首以逗點隔開的成份都是無動詞子句。] These constructions differ from identification apposition (cf 17.77) in that, when they occur initially, the second noun phrase is the subject of the sentence. [區分無動詞子句和指名型同位語的一個方式：無動詞子句出現在句首時，其後的（即第 二個）名詞片語是句子的主詞。相較之下，在含有同位語的句子裡，句首的第一個名詞片 語是主詞，後面才是同位語（非主詞）。] However, the verbless adverbial clause can occur after the subject and is then, like apposition, marked off by intonation or punctuation: [無動詞子句也可以移到主詞後，和同位語一樣用標點隔開，如以下的 the heir to a fortune 或 a notorious burglar。] 　 Her friend, the heir to a fortune, did not care about passing examinations. [2a] 　 Bob Rand, a notorious burglar, found it easy to force open the lock. [3] In such cases, the lexical content of the sentence suggests the more probable interpretation. [這時，該結構算是子句還是同位語，視句子的字義而定。] For example, in [4], 'a blatant liar' can be interpreted as a (verbless) adverbial causal clause, since it is reasonable to ascribe the expulsion to Pall's being a blatant liar: [以下的 a blatant liar 因為提供主句的原因，算作無 動詞子句。] 　 Ron Pall, a blatant liar, was expelled from the group. [4] In [4a], on the other hand, 'a blatant liar' would normally be understood as a case of apposition: [以下的 a blatant liar 算作同位語。] 　 Ron Pall, a blatant liar, used to be in my class at school. [4a] In [4a], there is no motivation for assuming that Pall's presence in the class had anything to do with his being a blatant liar. 結論：回到 A WWII conscript，它的形式和意義來自表原因（說明導致他受傷的處境） 的副詞子句 As (he was) a WWII conscript 或無動詞子句 Being a WWII conscript 省 略 Being，它出現在句首而非在以逗號隔開的句中位置，它是第一個名詞片語而非第二個 ，而且不是主詞。這些原因都說明 A WWII conscript 是一個無動詞子句減化的結果，雖 具有名詞的形式致使極易和同位語混淆，但從意義和位置（句法分析）等各個角度來看仍 不是同位語。 如果把它搬到主詞後： SM, a WWII conscript, was wounded in a bombing raid. 那麽可以分析為同位語，或因它明顯「提供環境原因」而仍舊分析為無動詞子句減化後的 副詞修飾詞。 --

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