CHILDREN AND TV VIOLENCE(兒童與電視暴力) 中文是我自己翻的 不過是直譯而非美譯啦 方便大家快速知道內容 要深入了解還是看原文吧 來源: http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/VIOLENCE.HTM 首頁: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry(AACAP) http://www.aacap.org/index.htm American children watch an average of three to fours hours of television daily. Television can be a powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. Unfortunately, much of today's television programming is violent. Hundreds of studies of the effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may: 美國兒童每天平均看三到四小時的電視。 電視對於價值觀發展與行為塑成可是個強大影響。 不幸的是，現今許多電視節目含有暴力的訊息。 已經有數以百計的研究發現，電視上的暴力訊息可能對兒童與青少年造成以下影響： ˙become "immune" to the horror of violence ˙gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems ˙imitate the violence they observe on television; and identify with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers ˙變得對暴力的懼怕"免疫" (不再懼怕暴力) ˙漸漸接受暴力為解決問題的一種手段 ˙模仿從電視觀察來的暴力；並認同某些角色--被害者與／或加害者。 Extensive viewing of television violence by children causes greater aggressiveness. Sometimes, watching a single violent program can increase aggressiveness. Children who view shows in which violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they see. Children with emotional, behavioral, learning or impulse control problems may be more easily influenced by TV violence. The impact of TV violence may be immediately evident in the child's behavior or may surface years later, and young people can even be affected when the family atmosphere shows no tendency toward violence. 兒童觀看大量電視暴力後變得較具侵略性。 有時單一個暴力節目就可增加侵略性。 看了一些暴力很寫實、經常重覆或未受懲罰的節目的兒童，較有可能模仿所見。 有情緒／行為／學習／衝動控制問題的兒童，可能較容易受電視暴力影響。 電視暴力對兒童行為的衝擊可能立即顯著，也可能多年後浮現。 年輕人甚至可能在家庭氣氛不傾向暴力下受影響。 While TV violence is not the only cause of aggressive or violent behavior, it is clearly a significant factor. 當電視暴力並非侵略或暴力行為的唯一成因，它昭然是個顯要因素。 Parents can protect children from excessive TV violence in the following ways: 父母可以用以下方法保護孩子免於過多電視暴力。 ˙pay attention to the programs their children are watching and watch some with them ˙set limits on the amount of time they spend with the television; consider removing the TV set from the child bedroom ˙point out that although the actor has not actually been hurt or killed, such violence in real life results in pain or death ˙refuse to let the children see shows known to be violent, and change the channel or turn off the TV set when offensive material comes on, with an explanation of what is wrong with the program ˙disapprove of the violent episodes in front of the children, stressing the belief that such behavior is not the best way to resolve a problem ˙to offset peer pressure among friends and classmates, contact other parents and agree to enforce similar rules about the length of time and type of program the children may watch ˙注意孩子看的節目，並一同觀看其中的一些。 ˙限制他們花在電視上的時間；考慮移走孩子臥房裡的電視。 ˙指出雖然演員沒有真的受傷或被殺害，但這樣的暴力在現實中會造成痛苦或死亡。 ˙拒絕讓孩子觀看已知的暴力節目。 當攻擊性題材上演時，轉台或關掉電視，並說明那支節目有什麼問題。 ˙在孩子面前反對暴力情節，強調此種行為並不是解決問題的最佳方法。 ˙削弱朋友與同學間的同儕壓力， 聯絡其他父母，並同意執行孩子看的時間長短與種類的相關規則。 Parents can also use these measures to prevent harmful effects from television in other areas such as racial or sexual stereotyping. The amount of time children watch TV, regardless of content, should be moderated because it decreases time spent on more beneficial activities such as reading, playing with friends, and developing hobbies. If parents have serious difficulties setting limits, or have ongoing concerns about how their child is reacting to television, they should contact a child and adolescent psychiatrist for consultation and assistance. 父母也可利用這些措施預防其他電視傷害--比方種族或性別的八股觀念。 不論節目內容為何，孩子看電視的時間都該節制， 因為它剝奪了更有益的活動時間--例如閱讀、跟朋友玩，及培養嗜好。 如果父母在設限上有嚴重困難，或持續擔憂他們孩子對電視的反應， 便該向兒童與青少年精神醫師尋求建議與協助。 -- 我不夠成熟， 沒有辦法原諒背叛我的人。 也不夠死心塌地， 沒有辦法跌得遍體鱗傷還緊抓不放。 我輸了。 --

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