CHILDREN AND TV VIOLENCE(儿童与电视暴力) 中文是我自己翻的 不过是直译而非美译啦 方便大家快速知道内容 要深入了解还是看原文吧 来源: http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/VIOLENCE.HTM 首页: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry(AACAP) http://www.aacap.org/index.htm American children watch an average of three to fours hours of television daily. Television can be a powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. Unfortunately, much of today's television programming is violent. Hundreds of studies of the effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may: 美国儿童每天平均看三到四小时的电视。 电视对於价值观发展与行为塑成可是个强大影响。 不幸的是，现今许多电视节目含有暴力的讯息。 已经有数以百计的研究发现，电视上的暴力讯息可能对儿童与青少年造成以下影响： ˙become "immune" to the horror of violence ˙gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems ˙imitate the violence they observe on television; and identify with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers ˙变得对暴力的惧怕"免疫" (不再惧怕暴力) ˙渐渐接受暴力为解决问题的一种手段 ˙模仿从电视观察来的暴力；并认同某些角色--被害者与／或加害者。 Extensive viewing of television violence by children causes greater aggressiveness. Sometimes, watching a single violent program can increase aggressiveness. Children who view shows in which violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they see. Children with emotional, behavioral, learning or impulse control problems may be more easily influenced by TV violence. The impact of TV violence may be immediately evident in the child's behavior or may surface years later, and young people can even be affected when the family atmosphere shows no tendency toward violence. 儿童观看大量电视暴力後变得较具侵略性。 有时单一个暴力节目就可增加侵略性。 看了一些暴力很写实、经常重覆或未受惩罚的节目的儿童，较有可能模仿所见。 有情绪／行为／学习／冲动控制问题的儿童，可能较容易受电视暴力影响。 电视暴力对儿童行为的冲击可能立即显着，也可能多年後浮现。 年轻人甚至可能在家庭气氛不倾向暴力下受影响。 While TV violence is not the only cause of aggressive or violent behavior, it is clearly a significant factor. 当电视暴力并非侵略或暴力行为的唯一成因，它昭然是个显要因素。 Parents can protect children from excessive TV violence in the following ways: 父母可以用以下方法保护孩子免於过多电视暴力。 ˙pay attention to the programs their children are watching and watch some with them ˙set limits on the amount of time they spend with the television; consider removing the TV set from the child bedroom ˙point out that although the actor has not actually been hurt or killed, such violence in real life results in pain or death ˙refuse to let the children see shows known to be violent, and change the channel or turn off the TV set when offensive material comes on, with an explanation of what is wrong with the program ˙disapprove of the violent episodes in front of the children, stressing the belief that such behavior is not the best way to resolve a problem ˙to offset peer pressure among friends and classmates, contact other parents and agree to enforce similar rules about the length of time and type of program the children may watch ˙注意孩子看的节目，并一同观看其中的一些。 ˙限制他们花在电视上的时间；考虑移走孩子卧房里的电视。 ˙指出虽然演员没有真的受伤或被杀害，但这样的暴力在现实中会造成痛苦或死亡。 ˙拒绝让孩子观看已知的暴力节目。 当攻击性题材上演时，转台或关掉电视，并说明那支节目有什麽问题。 ˙在孩子面前反对暴力情节，强调此种行为并不是解决问题的最佳方法。 ˙削弱朋友与同学间的同侪压力， 联络其他父母，并同意执行孩子看的时间长短与种类的相关规则。 Parents can also use these measures to prevent harmful effects from television in other areas such as racial or sexual stereotyping. The amount of time children watch TV, regardless of content, should be moderated because it decreases time spent on more beneficial activities such as reading, playing with friends, and developing hobbies. If parents have serious difficulties setting limits, or have ongoing concerns about how their child is reacting to television, they should contact a child and adolescent psychiatrist for consultation and assistance. 父母也可利用这些措施预防其他电视伤害--比方种族或性别的八股观念。 不论节目内容为何，孩子看电视的时间都该节制， 因为它剥夺了更有益的活动时间--例如阅读、跟朋友玩，及培养嗜好。 如果父母在设限上有严重困难，或持续担忧他们孩子对电视的反应， 便该向儿童与青少年精神医师寻求建议与协助。 -- 我不够成熟， 没有办法原谅背叛我的人。 也不够死心塌地， 没有办法跌得遍体鳞伤还紧抓不放。 我输了。 --

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