原文来自英文维基百科。 （http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnowbrook_Conference） 由於这个礼拜才开始读行政学， 所以如果有什麽术语翻译错误， 或是意思搞混， 还请版上先进多多指教。m(_._)m ===============================正文=================================== Minnowbrook III (2008) Minnowbrook III was held September 3-7, 2008. The theme for the third gathering was: The Future of Public Administration, Public Management, and Public Service Around the World. It consisted of two phases. 第三次明诺布鲁克会议於两千零八年九月三至七日召开。此次集会主题为： 公共行政的未来，公共管理，以及全球公共服务。本次会议由两个阶段构成。 Minnowbrook III Phase One (September 3-5) was again held at Syracuse University's Minnowbrook Conference Center in the Adirondack Mountains. This was a "preconference workshop" for emerging scholars nominated by senior scholars in the field. The 56 invited attendees were more diverse than previous Minnowbrook conferences in terms of race, gender and nationality, involving for the most part assistant professors but including several tenured associate professors of public administration. A sizable percentage of the attendees were affiliated with Syracuse University, the conference host, and Kansas University, home to the sole participant who had attended both earlier conferences. The Phase One conference, one full day plus two half days, was professionally facilitated. The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University sponsored Phase One attendees' room and board, meals, and registration fees for Phase Two. 第一阶段於九月三至五日，在雪城大学的明诺布鲁克会议中心举办。此阶段 为会前工作坊，参加者为公共行政领域耆老所推荐的新锐学者。从种族、性 别与国籍来看，这五十六位受邀的与会者比上一次会议所呈现的差异更大。 他们大多为助理教授，不过有几位是已经获得终身职的副教授。相当大比例 的出席者与雪城大学及堪萨斯大学有关。第一阶段总共有一个整天和两个半 天，针对专业讨论所设计的。雪城大学的马克斯威公民权与公共事务学院赞 助了第一阶段与会者的食宿及第二阶段的注册费。 The outcome of Minnowbrook III Phase One, rather than a single formal critique, involved summaries of concerns and future directions representing a dozen focal areas presented to senior scholars and attendees at the opening session of Phase Two. These included academic-practitioner relations; democratic performance management; financial management; globalization/comparative perspectives; information technology & management; law, politics & public administration management; leadership; methods/interdisciplinary; networks; performance measurement; public administration values & theory; social equity & justice; and transparency & accountability. 阶段一讨论的结果并非单一的形式性批判，而毋宁是对本领域关切议题及未 来方向的总结。这些总结即是阶段二的开场会议中，呈现在资深学者及与会 者面前的十几个核心领域。包括：学术—从事实务者的关系；民主表现管理 ；财政管理；全球化／比较的观点；资讯科技与管理；法律、政治及公共行 政管理；领导；研究方法／科技整合；网络；表现测量；公共行政的诸多价 值与理论；社会平等与正义；以及透明度与课责性。 The group interested in globalized perspectives encouraged a renaissance of comparative studies as the world has become increasingly interdependent. The essence of the comparative approach is context-sensitivity, that is, awareness that institutional and cultural context matters and should be incorporated into research. Contributions of this approach are practical for meeting curricular needs, and theoretical in making research more rigorous, revealing underlying, often US-oriented assumptions and exploring alternative contexts. 着眼於全球化观点的团体支持重新找回比较研究领域，因为全球互赖的程度 越来越高。比较途径的本质在於容易受到脉络影响，亦即必须意识到制度与 文化脉络十分重要，并且应该被纳入研究之中。此一研究途径的贡献在於， 符合课程实际需求，而且在理论方面可以使研究更为精确，揭露出隐含的， 通常是美国导向的预设，并且探索其他可能的脉络。 The group interested in public administration values and theory offered a reformulation of public administration, defining public administration as: "a socially-embedded process of collective relationships, dialogue, and action to promote human flourishing for all." Questions arising from the reformulation included how public administration might recognize competing values and whether a critical consciousness regarding public administration should be encouraged. 对於公共行政的诸多价值与理论有兴趣的小组，提供了对於公共行政重新架 构的看法。他们把公共行政定义为：「促进所有人类繁荣的集体关系、对话 ，以及行动之社会镶嵌过程」。重新架构过程中出现的问题包括：公共行政 如何能够肯认竞争价值，以及针对公共行政的批判意识是否应该被鼓励？ The group that discussed research methods proposed a statement of commitment document, informally referred to as a pledge or a manifesto, asking new scholars to serve as change agents regarding the use and teaching of research methods and the responsiveness of the peer-review process. One element of this was more attention to the method of action research to increase engagement with the issues and practice of public administration; another was a commitment to methodological pluralism. 讨论研究方法的小组提出了一个承诺声明文件（非正式地被当成作为一项誓 言或宣言），要求新进学者成为研究方法使用与教导以及同侪审查过程的改 革推动者。要素之一就是多加注意行动研究的方法，以增进对研究议题与公 共行政实践的接合；另一个则是对於方法论多元主义的认同。 The comparatively brief Phase One, spread over three days and highly structured, may have contributed to its diffuse outcome. Many participants were interested in further discussion on the proposed re-definition of the field, and on pursuing ratification of the methods group's pledge toward reshaping the field. Despite the cordial and pluralistic atmosphere, clarifications and disagreements could not be fully pursued. Other interim discussions simply ran out of time. 阶段一相对简短，在三天中完成并且受到紧密安排，可能是其讨论结果涉及 诸多面向的原因。许多与会者对於提议将这个领域重新定义，以及要求承认 重塑此一领域的方法论小组之宣言的进一步讨论感兴趣。尽管充满了真挚与 多元的氛围，问题的澄清与异议无法得到完全进行，甚至没有时间进行其他 临时讨论。 Minnowbrook III Phase Two (September 5-7) was offered in Lake Placid, New York as a more traditional academic conference to which scholars throughout the world were invited to submit proposals. About 300 proposals were submitted of which 80 were accepted. Following the opening session presentation from Phase One participants, the emerging scholars and senior scholars met in roundtable format to discuss the specific ideas presented. In most subsequent sessions, participants limited paper presentations to allow for enhanced discussion of the material in reference to the ideas presented and developed in the opening roundtables. 第三次明诺布鲁克会议的第二阶段（九月五～七日）在纽约的宁静湖举行， 是一个较为传统的学术会议，邀请来自世界各地的学者提交文章大纲。此次 会议收到三百篇左右的大纲，其中八十篇被接受。在阶段一参与者於开场会 议报告之後，新锐研究者与资深学者便针对特定概念想法以圆桌讨论形式会 谈。在接下来的绝大多数场次中，与会者为了让论文中与开场圆桌论坛相关 的想法能够得到进一步讨论，限制了报告时间。 A trivial fact of note is that the conference was originally scheduled to take place on the campus of Syracuse University in late September 2008. It was rescheduled because the original dates overlapped with Rosh Hashanah. 举办时间因为犹太教的新年所以改变（懒得翻了）。 --

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