恭喜开版版版版版 庆祝第一po 语意学真是一们博大精深得学问 哲学的意涵上有很多值德讨论的空见 消费方式 时段 购票时间 平日票价 假日票价 An Old Professor's Confusion Here comes a situation: A 60-year-old professor teaching philosophy at an academy recently finds out that most of the papers produced by his dear fellow students are impressively well-structured and organized. The papers were not only written professionally, but also gave lots of insights to the philosophy argument taught in the class. Besides, some students even came up with outstanding conclusions that are excellent enough to surprise the old professor. Unaware of the power of Google search, the professor didn't discover a crucial fact that his students did an active search on google, and patched up the work intended for the class by copying other professors' ideas found on the net. Even worse, some students borrowed the conclusion worked out by the experts in the field and made believe that those ideas are disguisedly their own. How can we help the professor to identify which one is authentically produced by his students, not the one copied from google search, in order to serve the real purpose of philosophy homework? One of the best solutions is to build a check system, including three steps: First, request the students to list key words, main ideas and summaries of their papers. Second, identify some of them by random as their own through google search as well. Third, once being a suspect, a complete self-checking process is necessary before handing over every assignment. Otherwise, the other way is to develop a great amount of database in the professor’s computer. Google desktop is very convenient to check if there is any copy or partly copy from others. 以上为小弟贡献第一个讨论的问题 XD 这种事情大家自己也都在做 以前会觉得这是有没有诚意的问题 但现在毕业了反而觉得这是在伤害自己 等到了已经忘了怎麽生产ideas怎麽思考 怎麽样用思考来解决问题 怎麽detailed和careful得思考 你已经玩但了 这时候後悔就好笑了喔 所以宇易学的版版开本事一定要恭喜得 康德他认为所有的知识都是随着经验开始的，但是并非都是源自於经验的。因此一切都是感官作用而来，因此并不承认如之前哲学家所提的人有先天的观念。而知识则有先天与後天之别，所谓「先天」(a priori)是不依赖经验而成立的，所以又有学者翻译成「先验」，在课本中是用「先天」，有时也会用「先验」(因为怕与先天观念误用)。「先验」顾名思义乃是「先」於经「验」的意思(以下还是以用「先天」为主)；然而「先」在此很容易被误解为「在时间上先於经验」，其实它应该更适当的说是「作为经验的先决条件」，也就是使经验成为可能的先决要素与基础。然而「先天」是相对於经验，所以，对於「经验」便被称为「後天」(a posteriori)或「後验」。康德他认为所有的知识都是随着经验开始的，但是并非都是源自於经验的。因此一切都是感官作用而来，因此并不承认如之前哲学家所提的人有先天的观念。而知识则有先天与後天之别，所谓「先天」(a priori)是不依赖经验而成立的，所以又有学者翻译成「先验」，在课本中是用「先天」，有时也会用「先验」(因为怕与先天观念误用)。「先验」顾名思义乃是「先」於经「验」的意思(以下还是以用「先天」为主)；然而「先」在此很容易被误解为「在时间上先於经验」，其实它应该更适当的说是「作为经验的先决条件」，也就是使经验成为可能的先决要素与基础。然而「先天」是相对於经验，所以，对於「经验」便被称为「後天」(a posteriori)或「後验」。 分析判断：述词(谓词)意义是包含在主词之内，也就是说述词(谓词)是能 从分析主词中而获得的。都是直接分析，无须经验的检证。 如：人是理性的动物、物体有扩延性 综合判断：述词(谓词)意义是不包含在主词之内，也就是说述词(谓词)是 不能从分析主词中而获得的。 如：甲民族的人是矮的、张三是好人 先天分析判断 (所有分析判断无须检证，所以都是先天分析判断) 分析判断 後天分析判断 (已经是经验事实，不会再有经验判断，因此不存在) 先天综合判断 (不来自经验，具有绝对普遍的) 综合判断 後天综合判断 (由经验中获得，因此是相对的普遍，可以找到例外) As a priori knowledge exists, what it infers is that some judgment tools are a priori condition to experience, i.e. people are born with ideas and principles(like: logic and induction), is it right? How come we can prove pure math is a priori to against empiricists through the example two and two always are four? Russell said we can imagine a world where we obtain knowledge by induction are all be wrong, but we can never imagine a world following the principle two and two are not four. If so, we feel that such a world would upset the whole fabric of our knowledge。 Russell asserted that from Kant’s theory, a priori knowledge regards as human nature, but people comes from the world so that human nature is no exception to be uncertain and maybe changed to-morrow. But I think Kant’s description also shows that even math is not totally objective and outward people. What means a law is a the law of thought? --

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