※ [本文转录自 Warfare 看板 #1XZyS2pG ] 作者: GETpoint (掷雷爆卦) 看板: Warfare 标题: [闲聊] 蒙古对红军的战争贡献回顾 时间: Sat Nov 13 22:09:00 2021 以下来自俄国媒体 (机器翻译) https://www.rbth.com/history/334292-how-did-mongolia-contribute-ussr How did Mongolia contribute to the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany? HISTORYOCT 13 2021BORIS EGOROV Russia Beyond (Photo: Legion Media) 蒙古对苏联战胜纳粹德国有何贡献？ 历史2021 年 10 月 13 日鲍里斯·叶戈罗夫 超越俄罗斯（照片：Legion Media） One in five horses in the Red Army came from Mongolia and one in five overcoats used by Soviet soldiers were made of Mongolian wool. 红军中有五分之一的马匹来自蒙古，苏联士兵使用的大衣有五分之一是用蒙古羊毛制成的 。 Mongolia was one of the staunchest allies of the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century. The two countries jointly opposed the Japanese invasion of the People’s Republic in 1939. When, on June 22, 1941, the USSR was invaded by German troops, the Mongols didn't stand idly by. 蒙古是20世纪上半叶苏联最坚定的盟友之一。1939年两国共同反对日本侵略蒙古人民共和 国。1941年6月22日，苏联被德军入侵，蒙古人没有袖手旁观。 The Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939. Sovfoto/Getty Images The war in Europe, unfolding so far away from Mongolia, suddenly became its war. And, in some respects, the assistance that this sparsely populated and poor country rendered to the USSR was on a par with the aid provided by the United States under the Lend-Lease program. 远离蒙古的欧洲战争突然变成了它的战争。甚至在某些方面，这个人口稀少和贫穷的国 家向苏联提供的援助与美国在租借计划下提供的援助相当。 ‘Gift from the Mongolian people' The Mongolian leadership knew that it was not in a position to send its troops to the West: Japan still posed a tangible threat and the country was not able to form a significant contingent of expeditionary forces anyway. That is why the republic intended to focus its efforts on providing all possible economic assistance to its northern neighbor. 蒙古人民的礼物 蒙古领导层知道自己无法向西方派遣军队：日本仍然构成了严峻的威胁，而且该国无论如 何都无法组建一支重要的远征部队。这就是为什麽蒙古打算集中精力为其北部邻国提供 一切可能的经济援助。 Public Domain Under the slogan: “There should not be a single person in the country who has not made a personal contribution to the Red Army aid fund”, Mongolia launched a campaign to collect money and gifts for Red Army soldiers. 在“国家不应该有一个人没有为红军援助基金做出个人贡献”的口号下，蒙古发起了一项 为红军士兵募捐的活动。 Already in October, the first train loaded with sheepskin coats, fur vests, warm mittens, felt boots, sweaters and belts donated by Mongolian citizens left for the Soviet Union. The next echelon, which was dispatched in February 1942, also contained food products: meat, sausages, butter and confectionery. Trains with aid were dispatched to the USSR till early 1945. 早在10月，满载蒙古公民捐赠的羊皮大衣、毛皮背心、保暖手套、毡靴、毛衣和皮带的第 一列火车启程前往苏联。下一个梯队於 1942 年 2 月派遣，也包含食品：肉类、香肠、 黄油和糖果。直到 1945 年初，後勤用的专列火车才被开往苏联。 Engaelyn Badam. Archive photo One of the most generous donors was nomadic cattle breeder Engaelyn Badam. On behalf of her family, she donated in aid 16 camels, 93 horses, 1,600 sheep, as well as a sum of 10,000 tugriks, enough to buy 12,500 more sheep. 最慷慨的捐助者之一是游牧养牛人恩盖林·巴达姆。她代表家人捐赠了16头骆驼、93匹马 、1600只羊，还有1万图格里克(蒙古货币)，足以再买12500只羊。 Strategic materials In addition to donations, Mongolia carried out large deliveries of meat, wool, sheepskin and horses to the USSR on a regular basis at nominal prices. In return, Moscow supplied Mongolia with industrial and food products that the Asian country needed and offset Mongolian debts to the Soviet Union. 战略物资 除了捐赠外，蒙古还定期以低於市价的价格向苏联大量运送肉类、羊毛、羊皮和马匹。 作为回报，莫斯科向蒙古提供了亚洲国家需要的工业和食品，并抵消了蒙古对苏联的 债务。 Public Domain Throughout the war, Mongolia provided its northern ally with some 500,000 tons of meat (to compare, the USA supplied the USSR with 665,000 tons of canned meat) and 64,000 tons of wool (the USA sent 54,000 tons). One in five overcoats used by Red Army soldiers were made of Mongolian wool. 在整个战争期间，蒙古为其北方盟友提供了约 50 万吨肉类（相比之下，美国向苏联提供 了 66.5 万吨罐头肉）和 6.4 万吨羊毛（美国提供了 5.4 万吨）。红军士兵使用的大衣 有五分之一是用蒙古羊毛制成的。 In effect, the Mongolian People’s Republic was the sole supplier of sheepskin for the USSR. The material was used to make winter coats for Red Army commanders. 实际上，蒙古人民共和国是苏联羊皮的唯一供应商。这种材料被用来制作红军指挥官的冬 衣。 Public Domain Another crucial area in which Mongolian aid to the USSR was key were horses. In the initial period of the war alone, the Soviet Union lost almost half of its livestock: by September 1942, out of 17.5 million horses, only nine million remained. 蒙古援助苏联的另一个关键领域是马匹。仅在战争初期，苏联就损失了几乎一半的牲畜： 到 1942 年 9 月，在 1750 万匹马中，只剩下 900 万匹。 Throughout the war, the Mongolian state bought almost 485,000 horses from its cattle breeders to be supplied to the Soviet Union, with a further 32,000 horses donated by herdsmen. 在整个战争期间，蒙古国从畜牧场购买了近 485,000 匹马供应给苏联，另外还有 32,000 匹马由牧民捐赠。 The low-maintenance and hardy animals proved very good at adapting to the harsh conditions of the Eastern Front and were of vital help to the Soviet troops in transporting goods and pieces of artillery until the shortage of trucks was resolved. One in five horses used on the Soviet front came from Mongolia. 事实证明，这些维护成本低且耐寒的动物非常擅长适应战线的恶劣条件，并且在解决卡车 短缺问题之前为苏联军队运输货物和大炮提供了至关重要的帮助。苏联前线使用的马有五 分之一来自蒙古。 Public Domain “The horses had excellent marching qualities,” Soviet general Issa Pliev recalled. “The short Mongolian horse has a strong build and short strong legs with small strong hooves. It is capable of covering a distance of 100 kilometers in a day for several days in a row... Thus, the hardy and low-maintenance Mongol horse reached Berlin together with Soviet tanks.” “这些马匹具有出色的行进品质，”苏联将军 Issa Pliev回忆道。“蒙古矮马体格健壮 ，腿短而结实，蹄子小而有力。它能够连续几天在一天内行驶100公里的距离……因此， 这匹耐寒且维护成本低的蒙古马与苏联坦克一起到达了柏林。” Tanks, aircraft and volunteers On January 16, 1942, the leadership of the Mongolian People’s Republic decided to start collecting funds to manufacture a tank column to donate to the Red Army. A year later, a Mongolian delegation led by the country’s leader, Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan, presented the Soviet 112th Tank Brigade with 32 T-34 tanks and 21 T-70 light tanks made with the collected money. 坦克、飞机和志愿者 1942年1月16日，蒙古人民共和国领导层决定开始集资制造一辆坦克纵队，捐赠给红军。 一年後，由蒙古国领导人霍尔洛·乔巴山元帅率领的蒙古代表团向苏联第112坦克旅赠送 了32辆T-34坦克和21辆T-70轻型坦克。 The 112th Brigade, which was dubbed Revolutionary Mongolia, took part in the Battle of Kursk, where it successfully proved itself in battles against one of the most famous formations of the Wehrmacht, the Großdeutschland (Great Germany) Division. For their courage and heroism, the brigade’s servicemen were awarded both Soviet and Mongolian medals. 第 112 旅被称为蒙古革命军，参加了库斯克会战，并在与德国国防军最着名的编队之一 大德意志（大德意志）师的战斗中成功证明了自己。由於他们的勇气和英雄主义，该旅的 军人被授予苏联和蒙古奖章。 Soldiers of the Red Army receive the Revolutionary Mongolia tank column. TASS By the summer of 1943, with funds donated by the people of Mongolia, the 2nd Fighter Squadron, known as the Mongolian Arat Squadron, was set up. On September 25, it was handed over to the 2nd Guards Regiment of the 322nd Fighter Aviation Division. 1943年夏，在蒙古人民的捐助下，组建了第2战斗机中队，即蒙古阿拉特中队。9月25日， 移交给第322战斗机航空师第2近卫团。 “Finally, the long-awaited hour has come. One after another, 12 brand new La-5 combat aircraft emerged from behind the forest, each carrying a bright red inscription Mongolian Arat on its fuselage. Having circled over the airfield, the aircraft taxied to a specially designated area. Shouts [of] ‘ Hurray, Mongol Arat!’, ‘Hurray, Mongolian people!’ drowned out the roar of the engines,” wrote Lieutenant General Alexander Semyonov recalling that day. (电子化的俄方文件) http://militera.lib.ru/h/semenov2/02.html “终於，期待已久的时刻到了。12架全新的La-5战机从林後陆续出现，每架都在机身上刻 有鲜红的蒙古阿拉特字样。在机场上空盘旋後，飞机滑行到一个特别指定的区域。'万岁 ，蒙古阿拉特！'，'万岁，蒙古人！淹没了引擎的轰鸣声，”亚历山大·谢苗诺夫中将回 忆那天时写道。 Fighters of the Mongolian Arat Squadron. Public Domain The squadron took part in such important battles as Operation Bagration, as well as in the Berlin and Prague operations. Its personnel (as well as the personnel of the Revolutionary Mongolia Tank Brigade) were partially maintained by the Mongolian side, which never failed to commemorate the servicemen’s bravery with awards. 该中队参加了诸如巴格拉基昂行动以及柏林和布拉格行动等重要战役。其人员（以及革命 蒙古坦克旅的人员）部分由蒙方保留，蒙方通过嘉奖来纪念军人的英勇。 In addition, from 500 to several thousand Mongol volunteers took part in fighting against the Germans on the Eastern Front. Red Army commanders valued them for their excellent skills as hunters and riders, so Mongolian volunteers mainly served in cavalry units and were successfully used as scouts and snipers. 此外，还有 500 到数千名蒙古志愿者参加了在东线与德国人的战斗。红军指挥官看重他 们作为猎人和骑手的出色技能，因此蒙古志愿者主要在骑兵部队服役，并成功地用作侦察 员和狙击手。 If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. 如果部分或全部使用俄罗斯超越的任何内容，请始终提供指向原始材料的有效超链接。 -- 七魄兴轮无上伊甸瑜珈虽然是以看来较为平和的方式以蝉蜕和生乳取代血肉等腥秽之物 作为密义源起供养；然而聚歛於上的是冥界的深冤与大乐奔泻的净慈，行者於闭关修持 之时若生起退失动摇之心，则神识旋即离散且肉身消殒；即便如此还是愿意受灌顶吗？ https://imgur.com/cEVD0kE ---妖道七祖《摄一切魔根本瑜珈论/誓命问品第一》--- 文章代码(AID): #1K0Lp7VP (CFantasy) [ptt.cc] Re: [新闻] 湖南偏乡惊曝百余...... https://imgur.com/eRQKYMF 文章网址: https://tinyurl.com/56ervywe --

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