(一) 湖人对灰熊，比赛最後～ Lowry持球切入跳起撞到Kwame，是否犯规？ 目前分成二说 ㄅ. Kwame犯规，理由：Kwame有起跳！ ㄆ. Kwame没犯规，理由：与起跳无关，Kwame垂直起跳，手未下压！ (关於ㄇ. Kwame犯规，理由：Kwame手有下压！ Kwame手是否下压涉主观认定，各有认定，非本文讨论范围） (二)上述情形，根据NBA官方规则与官方判例汇编已有定论， 与是否起跳无涉！ 判断标准在於： 防守球员是否建立一般防守站位 且 防守球员是否有以手臂前推或下压造成肢体碰撞 A.依NBA官方判例汇编第213则判例： 1.争议事实： Player B1 is guarding Player A1 in a normal position with his arms extended upward to prevent a shot. In his attempt to shoot, Player A1 causes contact with Player B1's arms which are still extended upward. 球员B1在防守球员A1时，保持其一般位置，双手垂直上举阻止进攻球员投篮。 在企图投篮的过程中，球员A1的行为造成与B1的肢体碰撞， 此时球员B1的手臂仍然保持上举。 2.争议点： (1) Is this a personal foul against Player B1? (2) Is this a personal foul against Player A1? 上述情形中: (1)是否为防守球员B1的个人犯规? (2)是否为进攻球员A1的个人犯规? 3.裁判结果： (1) No. Player B1 has established a legal guarding position. He must not be allowed to move forward or lower his arms thereby causing contact. 针对是否为防守球员B1的个人犯规? 答案是否定的: 因为防守球员B1已经建立合法的防守位置。 不过，防守球员B1绝对不可以 向前伸出或下压他的手臂造成与进攻球员的肢体接触。 (2) Not necessarily. If in the opinion of the official (as in any personal foul) Player A1 has not placed Player B1 at a disadvantage and the contact is incidental, then the action is ignored. If, however, the opposite prevails, an offensive foul is called. 针对是否为进攻球员A1的个人犯规? 答案视情形不同而定(不一定要吹犯规): 假使在场的裁判认为，进攻球员A1 并未造成防守球员B1有任何不利益的产生，且 非故意制造与防守球员B1间的碰撞， 裁判可以不响哨忽略球员A1的行为。 反之，如果进攻球员A1造成防守球员B1的不利益， 此时裁判应给予一个进攻犯规。 (关於进攻免责区让进攻球员豁免撞人犯规之情形，有另一个判例， 不在本文讨论范围) 4.判例依据的NBA官方规则：COMMENTS ON THE RULES - A - 2 B.依据NBA官方规则 COMMENTS ON THE RULES 的部分中， II - A - 2 Guarding an Opponent 关於防守他方球员之规定， 并未以球员起跳与否作为肢体碰撞产生时有无犯规的判断标准, 且球员按其位置享有手臂上举之垂直领域(vertical position)。 1.关於何谓合法的防守位置 In all guarding situations, a player is entitled to any spot on the court he desires, provided he legally gets to that spot first and without contact with an opponent. If a defensive or offensive player has established a position on the floor and his opponent initiates contact that results in the dislodging of the opponent, a foul should be called IMMEDIATELY. 2.关於防守球员的垂直领域 ......A player is entitled to a vertical position even to the extent of holding his arms above his shoulders, as in post play or when double-teaming in pressing tactics...... -- 女生想杀出重围 手中一定要有一把大刀 面对敌人 还要 比对方多出 那麽一点点绝对 --

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