课程名称：西洋哲学史(四)：从康德到黑格尔 课程性质：必修 课程范围：康德、费希特 开课教师：罗丽君 开课学院：文学院 开课系级：哲学系 考试日期(年月日)：99年4月29日 考试时限(Mins)：3小时 试题本文： 1.请就康德(Kant)於《纯粹理性批判》中的分析去简单说明普遍客观知识的成立条件 与过程。(34%) 2.请根据以下段落解释：何谓(1)令式(imperative)、(2)假言令式(hypothetical imperative)、(3)定言令式(categorical imperative)。(18%) The representation of an objective principle, insofar as it is necessitating for a will, is called a 'command'(of reason), and the formula of the command is called an imperative.[...] Now all imperatives command either hypothetically or categorically. The former represent the practical necessity of a possible action as a means to attain something else which one wills (or which it is possible that one might will). The categorical imperative would be that one which represented an action as objectively necessary for itself, without any reference to another end. Because every practical law represents a possible action as good, and therefore as necessary for a subject practically determinable by reason, all imperatives are formulas of the determination of action, which is necessary in accordance with the principle of a will which is good in some way. Now if the action were good merely as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical; if it is represented as good in itself, hence necessary, as the principle of the will, in a will that in itself accords with reason, then it is categorical. 3.费希特(Fichte)如何以「绝对自我」(das absolute Ich)概念去建立其知识学的三大根 本原则。(30%) 4.请根据以下段落说明：何谓(1)判断力(the power of judgment)、(2)规定的判断力 (the determining power of judgment)、(3)反思的判断力(the reflecting power of judgment)。(18%) The power of judgment in general is the faculty for thinking of the particular as contained under the universal. If the universal(the rule, the principle, the law)is given, then the power judgment, which subsumes the particular under it(even when, as a transcendental power of judgment, it provides the conditions a priori in accordance with which alone anything can be subsumed under that universal), is determining. If, however, only the particular is givin, for which the universal is to be found, then the power of judgment is merely reflecting. The determining power of judgment under universal transcendental laws, given by the understanding, merely subsumes; the law is sketched out for it a priori, and it is therefore unnecessary for it to think of a law for itself in order to be able to subordinate the particular in nature to the universal.[...] The reflecting power of judgment, which is under the obligation of ascending from the particular in nature to the universal. --

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