课程名称︰经济史二 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰魏凯立 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰98.04.13 考试时限（分钟）： 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : Section A (Answer 2 of 3) 1. (a) Why did IBM lose its dominant position in the personal computer market? 为何IBM失去个人电脑市场的龙头地位？ (b) Why was Nucor important? 为何Nucor重要？ (c) State one important change which occurred in the U.S. banking sector in the 1980s and 1990s. 举出一个美国银行业在1980至1990年代间的重要改变。 (d) Name two industries which were deregulated around 1980. 举出两个在1980年左右解除管制的工业。 (e) Why did people like T. Boone Pickens work with Michael Milken? 为何T. Boone Pickens这一类人会和Michael Milken一齐工作？ 2. (a) Briefly describe two social welfare programs created in the U.S. during the 1960s. 简述二项美国1960年代的社会福利计画。 (b) Did the U.S. inflation rate increase or decrease during the 1970s? What about the unemployment rate? 1970年代美国的通货膨胀为上升或下降？失业率为上升或下降？ (c) Briefly state what the savings and loan crisis was 简述savings and loan的危机为何？ (d) What generally happened to U.S. conglomerates during the 1980s? 美国的conglomerates在1980年代有何改变？ (e) What happened to the Bretton Woods monetary system during the 1970s? Bretton Woods货币制度在1970年代发生了什麽事？ 3. (a) Describe one way in which Hitler and Roosevelt's approach to fighting the Depression were similar. Describe one way in which they differed. 分别举一例说明希特勒和罗斯福面对经济大恐慌时，所采行政策之相同与相异 之处。 (b) How did World War I affect Russia? 第一次世界大战如何影响俄罗斯？ (c) Briefly state one way in which Stalin's first five-year plan could be considered a success. In what way could it be considered a failure? 分别简述一个史达林的五年计画从那个角度来看是成功的？从那个角度来看是 失败的？ (d) Briefly state one of the criticisms Werner Sombart made of Marxism. 简述一项Werner Sombart对马克思主义的批评。 (e) Briefly, what was the New Economic Policy(NEP) which was used in the Soviet Union during the 1920s? 简述苏俄在1920年代间采行的新经济政策(NEP)是什麽？ Section B (Answer 1 of 2) 1. Why was the Gold standard better at stopping inflation than deflation? Why was deflation a worse problem after World War I than it had been before the war? Why did the Depression end first in places like England and Japan and only much later in places like France? What did Roosevelt do to get the economy growing again during the Depression in the United States? What effect did the Depression have on world trade? 在防止通货膨胀上，为何采行金本位制较通货紧缩政策好？ 为何在第一次世界大战後采行通货紧缩政策，反而较战前采行时的情况更不好？ 为何经济大恐慌先在英格兰及日本等地结束，而较晚在法国结束？ 罗斯福采行什麽政策使美国在经济大恐慌时得以经济成长？ 经济大恐慌对世界贸易有何影响？ 2. Why have many people mistakenly believed that World War II ended the Great Depression? Why does war production usually help big business(compared with small business)? Why did the U.S. government use cost-plus contracts? Why was rationing used during the war rather than letting the market set prices? After the war, how did the U.S. help Western Europe to rebuild its economy? 为何许多人误以为第二次世界大战使经济大恐慌结束？ 与中小企业相比，为何战争有助於大企业？ 为何美国使用cost-plus订定契约？ 为何政府在战争时期选择分配商品，而不让市场决定价格？ 第二次世界大战後美国如何帮助西欧国家重建经济？ --

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