课程名称︰希腊哲学 课程性质︰群组 课程教师︰杨植胜 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰哲学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2009.4.16 考试时限（分钟）：120 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 翻译题（40分） 以下英文出自Anthony Gottlieb, The Dream of Reason:A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance (W. W. Norton & Company,Inc.,2002)，出 处页码注明於每一句末尾，参考其上下文脉络译为可理解的中文 既是翻译题，不宜用全盘改写的方式答题 1.Other second-and third-hand sources, such as the writings of the often unreliable but most enjoyable biographer, Diogenes Laertius (who lived in the third century AD), need to be read with at least one eyebrow raised. Diogenes was an undiscerning whale of a historian the swallowed every story that floated by.(p.4) 2.By crystallizing beliefs, myths, theories and stories of all kinds, it made them available for examination and criticism in a way that was unthought-of in tale-telling, pre-literate cultures. For all their shortcomings, the Milesians seem to have been the first to try to exploit this opportunity.(p.20) 3.Clown: What is the opinion of Pythagoras concerning wild-fowl? Malvolio: That the soul of our grandam might haply inhabit a bird. Clown: What thinkest thou of his opinion? Malvolio: I think nobly of the soul, and no way approve of his opinion. Clown: Fare thee wall; remain thou still in darkness: thou shalt hold the opinion of Pythagoras ere I will allow of thy wits; and fear to kill a woodcock lest thou dispossess the soul of thy grandam.(p.21) 4.So also we, as though we had come from some city to a kind of crowded spectacle... entered upon this life, and some were slaves of ambition, some of money; there were a special few who, counting all else as nothing, closely scanned the nature of things; these men gave themselves the name of lovers of wisdom(for that is the meaning of the word philosopher)..(p.27) 问答题（60分） 以下四题任选三题回答，每题满分为20分；回答超过三题者，以得分较高之三题计分 请尽量使用自己的话答题 1.Gottlieb在《理性之梦》（The Dream of Reason）的「导论」（introduction）一 开头就说，他写这本从希腊到文艺复兴的哲学史所发现到的是「根本没有哲学这样的 东西」（that there is no such thing as philosophy, see page vii）！怎麽会 　这样呢？ 2.《理性之梦》的第一章「原型」（The Archetypes）认为Anaximenes是三位Miletos 的哲学家里面「最不重要的」（the least important），说他不但不进步，而且「 向後退步」（plodding backwards, see page 13），理由是什麽？如果我们不要把 　他理解为是向後退步，我们应当如何来看待他的思想？ 3.《理性之梦》的第一章「原型」认为三位Miletos的哲学家之所以被当作是哲学家， 是因为他们跟一百年後的Hippocrates的医生们，乃至三百年後的阿基米德 （Archimedes）与欧几里得（Euclid）相比，所使用的方法「简陋得可怕」（horribly crude, see page 17），这是什麽意思？你有何评论？ 4.《理性之梦》的第二章「世界的和谐」说Pythagoreans的「精神的救赎」（spiritual salvation）的概念可以被戏称（praodied）为：如果你想要永远活下去，就研究数 　学（if you want to live forever, study mathematics, see page 25）。「永远 活下去」跟「研究数学」有什麽关系；为什麽「研究数学」可以让人「永远活下去」 ？ 考试时可参阅自己所带之任何书籍资料 --

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