课程名称︰ 动物权思潮 Animal Rights Thoughts 课程性质︰ A48:哲学与道德思考、生命科学领域 课程教师︰ 费昌勇 开课学院： 开课系所︰ 考试日期（年月日）︰ June 8th 2009 考试时限（分钟）： 两节课 是否需发放奖励金： 需要~谢谢 试题 : 80题选择题 画卡作答 1. Pertaining to the act of the man to the monkey in the right photograph, select the answer of the animal rights' viewpoint: (1) opposes, because it appears to involve unnecessary creulty (2) opposes, because the man is exercising property rights over another living being. 2. The notion that the human has an obligation to ensure nonhumans not to suffer unnecessarily, but is not wrong with using nonhumans as resources, is known as: (1) animal rights (2) animal welfare (3) animal liberation 3. The right-based approach to the issue of animal rights is exemplified by: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan 4. At present in US, how many law schools have opened animal law courses? (1) 80 (2) 92 (3) 100 (4) 110 5. Peter Singer's utilitarian notion of animal rights is categorized as: (1) teleological ethics (2) deontological ethics 6. Select the philosopher who neither believes that there are such things as natural rights nor believes that nonhumans own natural rights: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan 7. The philosopher who argues that the interest in avoiding suffering should be considered equally between humans and nonhumans is: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan 8. The philosopher who believes that nonhumans are what he calls "subjects-of- a-life," and this is the reason that nonhumans own their moral rights is: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan 9. The notion that the moral truth is always relative to some particular reference, such as a culture, thus morality can not be judged by absolute standards, is: (1) moral absolutism (2) moral relativism 10. The animal rights theory of Tom Regan is a form of: (1) moral absolutism (2) moral relativism 11. Most philosophers view morality as a transaction among rational parties, thus they would: (1) exclude (2) include non humans from moral consideration. 12. The human rights theory, usually based on the nature of humanity and the essence of human nature, is a form of (1) moral absolutism (2) moral relativism 13. The harm principle of John Mill argues that (1) People can interfere with the liberty of action for self-protection (2) People can not interfere with the liberty of action for self-protection 14. The need of justice is: (1) as strong as (2) not so strong as when we eat craved food. 15. The notion that nonhumans deserve the live free from harm, abuse, exploitation is identified as (1) animal rights (2) animal welfare 16. The concept concerning nonhuman animals' Five Freedoms, but without having any qualms about killing and eating them is: (1) animal rights (2) animal welfare (3) new welfarism 17. The "Animal Liberation movement" is propounded by: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan (3) Thomas Aquinas (4) Albert Schweitzer 18. The "Animal Rights movemtn" is propounded by: (1) Peter Singer (2) Tom Regan (3) Thomas Aquinas (4) Albert Schweitzer 19. The oppresion to nonhumans by humans based on their species membership is referred as (1) speciesism (2) affirmative action (3) racism (4) sexism 20. The animal rights notion argues that nohumans possess: (1) all the rights that humans possess (2) what determined by their interests and capacities 21. Usually people agree that the compassion of humans stem from that (1) humans can plan in the far future (2) humans use language (3) humans can suffer, feel pain, etc. 22. Ethical relativism usually argues that ethical truth is based on beliefs of a society, such as: customs and: (1) science (2) habits 23. The current fundamental moral axiom which is accepted both by animal rights and animal welfare groups is: (1) unnecessary pain is wrong (2) no killing nonhumans 24. Concerning the humanity dominion to the approval of brutal exploitation of nonhumans is contained in the cited Biblical passage (1) explicitly (2) inplicitly (3) neither explicitly nor implicitly 25. The philosopher who argues that the key to inclusion in the moral community is not rationality is (1) Immanuel Kant (2) Peter Singer 26. The notion, brought by John Stuart Mill as well as John Locke, arguing that the sole end for which mankind are warranted is self-protection, is called: (1) individualism (2) harm principle 27. When a house is on fire, the action that an individual (e.g. an animal or a child) to be chosen to save first will tell (1) moral principle of the action (2) nothing about any moral principles of the action 28. Intervening to stop predation would: (1) destroy the ecosystem (2) beneficial to the ecosystem 29. The animal rights notion regards contractarianism as (1) unable to adequately account for the animal rights (2) an equal consideration ethical theory to animals 30. According to animal rights notion, the foundation of ethics which is universalizable and matches real moral thinking is: (1) harm principle (2) contractarianism 31. The core principle of deep ecology, coined by Arne Nass, argues that the right to live and flourish of the individuals in living environment as a whole is (1) same (2) depending on its value 32. In order to establish environmental and green movement, deep ecology places: (1) greater (2) lesser value on non-human species, ecosystems and processes in nature. 33. (不知道为什麽跟31题一样) The core principle of deep ecology, coined by Arne Nass, argues that the right to live and flourish of the individuals in living environment as a whole is (1) same (2) depending on its value 34. Who discovered the natural selection? (1) Jean Lamarck (2) Charles Darwin (3) Rene Descartes 35. The idea arguing that evolution is a linear ranking of general fitness, similar to a ladder with insects and other lower species at the bottom, and huma at the top, was called: (1) Lamarckism (2) Natural Selection 36. According to animal rights notion, humans are at the top of the food chain it is because: (1) people are vested to be (2) people choose as they please 37. Who developed the idea that all nonhumans are automatons that cannot feel pain: (1) Jean Lamarck (2) Charles Darwin (3) Rene Descartes 38. Darwinism argues that physiologically humans differ from nonhumans in: (1) degree (2) kind 39. Seeking moral guidance or precedent from nonhumans is: (1) a good way to explore the justification of ethics (2) a wrong way because humans differ from nonhumans in being capable of conceiving and acting in according with, a system of morality 40. According to animal rights philosophy, the fact that humans differ from nonhumans in being capable of reasoning and acting in morality: (1) is the cause that humans can justify to exploit nonhumans (2) cannot justify anything concerning to harm, abuse, or expoitation of humans to nonhumans 41. The animal rights philosophy is: (1) modeled on the laws of natural selection (2) modeled on the idea of treating nonhumans according to their individual capacities 42. The three criteria, quoted by Peter Singer to decide if an organism is able to suffer from pain, are: behavrioral indications to show the suffering, nervous system to feel the pain, and: (1) evolutionary usefulness of the suffering (2) the degree and type of suffering 43. (送分 老师没给第二个选项) Large industries to be built around the exploitation of insects comprise: honey production, silk production, and: (1) cochineal carmine production, (2) 44. The issue that whether insects should be proected or not is: (1) still being actively debated (2) confirmed be protected 45. A religion of which devout members wear gauze masks to avoid inhaling and killing insects and mocrobes is: (1) Ashima (2) Jaine (3) Hinduism 46. The act to pull of insects' wings for fun is a question to be decided by: (1) individual conscience (2) law 47. The notion to enfranchise insects means: (1) never justifiable to kill them (2) might be defended on the self-defense principle 48. The side-effects of respecting animal rights owuld yield: (1) more-sustainable agricultural practice (2) less-sustainable agricultural practice 49. The morality of adminstering pesticides and herbicides is justified by: (1) natural selection (2) self-defense principle 50. The basic principles of animal rights philosophy are respecting the subject-of-a-life and helping nonhumans free from: (1) environmental contamination (2) suffering and pain 51. Using the criteria of animal rights philosophy to justify plants is: (1) reasonable (2) hypocritical 52. (老师说送分 可是我不懂为什麽 XD) The philosophy of animal rights encompass: (1) only sentient creatures (2) including plants for sustainable meaning 53. The central concern of animal rights is: (1) killing (2) pain and suffering 54. What is the single greatest cause of world-wide deforestation both historically and currently? (1) livestock agriculture (2) global climate change (3) massive land development 55. It has been estimated that in the US, 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown are fed to: (1) livestocks (2) humans 56. According to the idea of "energy pyramid", to feed a human with livestock requires how many times the grain that would be necessary if the grain was consumed directly? (1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 16 57. Veal calves are fed only a liquid diet devoid of iron and fiber in order to keep their flesh: (1) full of nutrition (2) anemic and pale 58. Veal production is: (1) paradigmatic factory farming (2) not factory farming 59. Cows are milked for 10 months and produce (1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 20 times the milk a calf would take naturally. 60. Most lamed diary cows are resulted from: (1) inefficiently design of animal farms (2) high milk production 61. The normal life span of the cow is about 20 years, however, usually the cow is spent and exhausted and is slaughtered at: (1) 3 years (2) 5 years (3) 10 years of age. 62. Kosher slaughter is the slaughtering method of: (1) Judaism (2) Islamism 63. In Kosher slaughter, when animals are hoisted and slowly bled to death, the (1) bones (2) joints are always ruptured. 64. Conceptually, battery hens in factory farming system are regarded as: (1) sentient beings (2) a mechanism for turning feed into eggs 65. Animal rights philosophy regards that "animals should pay for their freedom with their lives" as: (1) acceptable if raised in free-range farms (2) moral nonsense 66. The lactation of dairy cow is a physiological response that the cow: (1) can not avoid giving milk (2) stop lactating if they are not content 67. A free-range farm is: (1) not so idyllic as one might like to think (2) very enriched environment to animals 68. The fact that farm animals have never known anything better than the way to be treated can: (1) alleviate the suffering of the nonhumans (2) not reduce to any extent the frustration nonhumans suffered 69. The reason that farmers are not trusted as those knowing best about how to treat animals is: (1) farmers usually are low-educated (2) farmers have a strong vested interest 70. "Ideas should be evaluated on their own terms, not by reference to the originators" is an argument of: (1) genetic fallacy (2) ignoratio elenchus fallacy (arguing from irrelevance) 71. The animal rights proponents deem that: (1) nonhumans are aware of being killed when being slaughtered (2) nonhumans are not aware of it, thus people can kill them morally 72. The normal life span of the hen is 5 to 7 years, however, usually the laying hens are spent and exhausted and is slaughtered at: (1) half a year (2) 1 year (3) 2 years of age. 73. Beekeepers regard bees are mere material and have no (1) intrinsic value (2) commercial value 74. Under the animal rights philosophy, farmers who kill pests when in a threat to food production: (1) can be justified by self-defense (2) can not be justified 75. In organic farming and permaculture, the pest is controlled by: (1) pesticides (2) natural ecosystem 76. Regarding the minimization of the required killing pests, which one is perferred to use: (1) crop agriculture (2) animal agriculture 77. Generally speaking, agrichemicals are more highly concentrated in: (1) animal products (2) crop products 78. Leather is: (1) biodegradable (2) no longer biodegradable 79. Fur animals in ranches are forced to forfeit their natural instincts, this: (1) does not inflict any suffer to animals (2) often leads self-desturctive behaviours 80. Fur animals are always skinned: (1) alive (2) after slaughtered -- 哇 打这篇好累 = ="... --

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