在尊重各种译诗的前提之下，个人认为原 PO 解读有偏。 的确如原 PO 所言，译诗不能单句译，但原 PO 考虑的范围仍然太狭隘。 解读 Blake 的诗，尤其是有提到 innocence 的诗， 首先要知道的是， Blake 崇尚但并不看好 innocence。 在他那工业革命刚起步的年代，没人管什麽人权， 小孩与妇女常被压榨，世界的黑暗常使纯真的小孩无辜受害， 这是因为小孩的纯真是最珍贵的，但也是最脆弱的。 一反启蒙时期崇尚 experience 的思想，以 Blake 为滥觞的浪漫时期崇尚 innocence， 於是对於 innocence 的遭受的辛酸苦泪尤其激动。 Innocence 相对於 experience 的特点之一是能以小窥大， 正是这首诗想表达的意象。 Blake 的另一特色，是他并不严守文法、标点等现代人的坚持， 於是回到关於第一句的讨论：以文法来看的确如原 PO 所言， 但我认为 Blake 此处是一种咏叹，并不是完整的句子。 故原原 PO 的译法较为正确。 以上是个人浅见，有兴趣进一步讨论的话欢迎转移至 poetry 板。 还有啊，建议你把广告连结放进签名档，比较不易遭到砍文。 最後附上原诗与解析。 解析：http://tinyurl.com/3nk9mdp 原诗出处：http://www.online-literature.com/blake/612/ Auguries of Innocence To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour. A robin redbreast in a cage Puts all heaven in a rage. A dove-house filled with doves and pigeons Shudders hell through all its regions. A dog starved at his master's gate Predicts the ruin of the state. A horse misused upon the road Calls to heaven for human blood. Each outcry of the hunted hare A fibre from the brain does tear. A skylark wounded in the wing, A cherubim does cease to sing. The game-cock clipped and armed for fight Does the rising sun affright. Every wolf's and lion's howl Raises from hell a human soul. The wild deer wandering here and there Keeps the human soul from care. The lamb misused breeds public strife, And yet forgives the butcher's knife. The bat that flits at close of eve Has left the brain that won't believe. The owl that calls upon the night Speaks the unbeliever's fright. He who shall hurt the little wren Shall never be beloved by men. He who the ox to wrath has moved Shall never be by woman loved. The wanton boy that kills the fly Shall feel the spider's enmity. He who torments the chafer's sprite Weaves a bower in endless night. The caterpillar on the leaf Repeats to thee thy mother's grief. Kill not the moth nor butterfly, For the Last Judgment draweth nigh. He who shall train the horse to war Shall never pass the polar bar. The beggar's dog and widow's cat, Feed them, and thou wilt grow fat. The gnat that sings his summer's song Poison gets from Slander's tongue. The poison of the snake and newt Is the sweat of Envy's foot. The poison of the honey-bee Is the artist's jealousy. The prince's robes and beggar's rags Are toadstools on the miser's bags. A truth that's told with bad intent Beats all the lies you can invent. It is right it should be so: Man was made for joy and woe; And when this we rightly know Through the world we safely go. Joy and woe are woven fine, A clothing for the soul divine. Under every grief and pine Runs a joy with silken twine. The babe is more than swaddling bands, Throughout all these human lands; Tools were made and born were hands, Every farmer understands. Every tear from every eye Becomes a babe in eternity; This is caught by females bright And returned to its own delight. The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar Are waves that beat on heaven's shore. The babe that weeps the rod beneath Writes Revenge! in realms of death. The beggar's rags fluttering in air Does to rags the heavens tear. The soldier armed with sword and gun Palsied strikes the summer's sun. The poor man's farthing is worth more Than all the gold on Afric's shore. One mite wrung from the labourer's hands Shall buy and sell the miser's lands, Or if protected from on high Does that whole nation sell and buy. He who mocks the infant's faith Shall be mocked in age and death. He who shall teach the child to doubt The rotting grave shall ne'er get out. He who respects the infant's faith Triumphs over hell and death. The child's toys and the old man's reasons Are the fruits of the two seasons. The questioner who sits so sly Shall never know how to reply. He who replies to words of doubt Doth put the light of knowledge out. The strongest poison ever known Came from Caesar's laurel crown. Nought can deform the human race Like to the armour's iron brace. When gold and gems adorn the plough To peaceful arts shall Envy bow. A riddle or the cricket's cry Is to doubt a fit reply. The emmet's inch and eagle's mile Make lame philosophy to smile. He who doubts from what he sees Will ne'er believe, do what you please. If the sun and moon should doubt, They'd immediately go out. To be in a passion you good may do, But no good if a passion is in you. The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed, build that nation's fate. The harlot's cry from street to street Shall weave old England's winding sheet. The winner's shout, the loser's curse, Dance before dead England's hearse. Every night and every morn Some to misery are born. Every morn and every night Some are born to sweet delight. Some are born to sweet delight, Some are born to endless night. We are led to believe a lie When we see not through the eye Which was born in a night to perish in a night, When the soul slept in beams of light. God appears, and God is light To those poor souls who dwell in night, But does a human form display To those who dwell in realms of day. ※ 引述《yentzu (颜子老师)》之铭言： 这是为前辈译者所误导的解读法。 两岸百年来的译者译诗有许多都是看一行译一行，不晓得解读英诗需得看整句。这首诗连 号称「大师」的王佐良都用这种错误方式去译。 这诗的基本结构就是 前半句为 （条件句式的）不定词，後半句则为「祈使」语句，前两 行跟後两行的句法是不一样的，所以意思当然也不「同款」。 有兴趣译诗的年青人最好读一下我写的「英诗阅读欣赏与翻译示范」，先将受自前辈译者 的「污染」清除再说。 五言太短，很难尽收此诗之意。若换成七言绝句，则较不难，如下： 君欲一沙窥大千， 或一花中见妙天， 需能只手握无极， 且须臾间纳永延。 有趣的是，这样的意思好像是在「预言」量子物理论的到来。National Geographic 的探 索宇宙系列节目就时常在说浩瀚宇宙的道理，需得借助在物质最小的量子中去探讨。 颜子 from www.yentzu.idv.tw ※ 引述《juotung (想飞)》之铭言： : To see a World in a Grain of Sand, : And Heaven in a Wild Flower, : Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand, : And Eternity in an hour. : 一沙存洞天 : 野花亦庄严 : 无穷盈一握 : 曾经即永远 : (William Blake, Auguries of Innocence) --

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※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.112.4.195 ※ 编辑: spacedunce5 来自: 140.112.4.195 (09/01 11:19)