作者musicalover (musicalover)
看板Translation
标题[英中] How the Koala Got Its Low Voice
时间Mon Oct 24 02:31:26 2011
How the Koala Got Its Low Voice
无尾熊的变声器
The koala makes a sound that should require a bison-size body. A descended
larynx gives it an unusually long vocal tract.
一般来说,要发出像无尾熊这麽低沉的叫声需要像野牛那般大的身体,但是下降的喉头使
无尾熊有了加长型的声带。
To vocalize, animals create sound waves in their pipe-like vocal tracts.
Shorter pipes produce higher-frequency sounds, so small animals like the
cuddly koala should have high voices. [koala sound] Or not.
动物用牠们管状的声带来发声,较短的管子可发出较高的频率,所以像无尾熊这样逗人喜
爱的小动物应该会发出较高频率的叫声。事实上却不是如此。
A new study suggests that male koalas developed this low mating call to
impress females with their size—even if they’re not quite as large as their
bellows boast. The koala’s baritone is low enough to come from a
50-centimeter pipe, which should require a body larger than a bison.
一项新的研究显示,雄性无尾熊发展出这种低沉的求偶叫声来使雌性对牠们的体型印象深
刻─即使事实上并不然。无尾熊的中低音低到足以从50公分的声带来发声,而这通常是比
野牛还大的动物才会有的构造。
Instead, males developed deceptively low voices by evolving a descended
larynx, which means the voice box sits lower in the throat. This lengthens
the vocal tract, which stretches between voice box and mouth, giving the
koala a longer “pipe” and lower voice without a bigger body. The finding is
in the Journal of Experimental Biology. [Benjamin Charlton et al., "Cues to
body size in the formant spacing of male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
bellows: Honesty in an exaggerated trait"]
不过,雄性无尾熊藉由演化出下降的喉头来发出这种骗人的低音。也就是说,发声的音箱
在喉咙的下方。如此使延伸在音箱和嘴巴之间的声带加长了,无尾熊便有了更长的发声管
和低沉的声音,但是却没有笨重的身体。这项发现是由Charlton等人所主导的「雄性无尾
熊(树袋熊)体型比发声音箱大解秘:夸大特徵的真相」被刊登在实验生物学期刊上。
Koala calls may be misleading, but larger males have even lower voices than
their runtier counterparts. Which allows females to identify bigger, stronger
mates. To these fuzzy bellowers, size does matter.
无尾熊的叫声虽然容易让人误以为是由大型动物所发出,但体型较大的雄性无尾熊叫声倒
真的是比小只的雄性无尾熊更低沈。这可以帮助雌性无尾熊找到更大只、更强壮的配偶。
对这些模糊不清的发声者,大小真是问题啊!
原文出处:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=
how-the-koala-got-its-low-voice-11-09-30
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※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 114.27.12.229
1F:→ chingfen:只有前面两段。1.第一段好像加了一些原文没有提到的东西 10/24 02:38
2F:→ chingfen:2.vocal tract 是声道。声带 是Vocal Cord。两者不一样 10/24 02:39
3F:→ chingfen:发声的原理也不同。 10/24 02:40
4F:→ chingfen:更正:只看前面两段。 10/24 02:43
5F:→ musicalover:谢谢chingfen 10/24 22:54
6F:→ musicalover:我第一段是照意思来翻呀,只是顺了顺语句 10/24 22:55
7F:→ musicalover:让它读起来更符合中文的语法 10/24 22:55
8F:→ musicalover:我觉得全文最难翻的是倒数第二段 10/24 22:55
9F:→ musicalover:有没有人可以提供一点意见呢? 10/24 22:56
10F:→ chingfen:低沉的叫声是标题吧? 第一段内文没有啊...= = 10/24 23:01
11F:→ musicalover:对,我把副标题也翻了 10/24 23:06
12F:→ chingfen:无尾熊利用vocal tract的长短来改变声音高低。 10/24 23:12
13F:→ chingfen:无尾熊的喉部经过演化,位置往下降,因此增加vocal tract 10/24 23:13
14F:→ chingfen:的长度(嘴巴到喉头之间) 10/24 23:13
15F:→ chingfen:larynx=喉头=voice box=音箱=声音来源 10/24 23:14
16F:→ chingfen:声音透过vocal tract的作用(共鸣?)而降低音调,变低沉 10/24 23:16
17F:→ chingfen:引用的期刊标题通常不会翻译...(读者比较好找出原文 10/24 23:17
18F:推 chingfen:formant spacing 共振空间,这应该是指vocal tract 10/24 23:20
19F:→ chingfen: 而不是指voice box 10/24 23:20
20F:→ chingfen:期刊标题...= = (我投降了.... 10/24 23:27