作者tucson (tucson)
看板Translation
标题[讨论] if 子句与since子句之间的时态与翻法
时间Mon Jun 25 15:10:00 2012
在朗文看到一句句子 觉得蛮有意思的 想到几个问题 上来请教一下大家看法
http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/since
It was exactly five years since her father had died.
首先 它用had died 而非had been dead,
die 这种动词虽然是属於瞬间动作的动词
很多文法书上写说不能用完成式 have died 或 had died
但这种用法确常看到, news week, CNN 上看到过，现在朗文字典也这样用，
各位如果你在翻"已死亡时，你会怎麽翻?
会选择用完成式或是只用过去式呢? 又你会用is 还有has been?
我把下面的可能组合不分对错列出来, 大家选一下你会用哪几个?
1.他父亲往生到现在刚好满10年。
1-1. It is exactly five years since her father died.
1-2. It is exactly five years since her father has died.
1-3. It is exactly five years since her father was dead.
1-4. It is exactly five years since her father has been dead.
1-5. It has been exactly five years since her father died.
1-6. It has been exactly five years since her father has died.
1-7. It has been exactly five years since her father was dead.
1-8. It has been exactly five years since her father has been dead.
2.他父亲往生到到当时(那时)刚好满10年。
2-1. It was exactly five years since her father died.
2-2. It was exactly five years since her father had died.
2-3. It was exactly five years since her father was dead.
2-4. It was exactly five years since her father had been dead.
2-5. It had been exactly five years since her father had died.
2-6. It had been exactly five years since her father was dead.
2-7. It had been exactly five years since her father had died.
2-8. It had been exactly five years since her father had been dead.
朗文字典这句在since子句中使用了完成式而非是把完成式用在it子句中
这就产生个问题: 这种用法会是通则吗 ? 又或不是通则?
如果是的话 那麽 it 子句是否一样还是可以用完成式呢?
假如我要翻下面这两句话 那怎麽翻会比较好呢?
3. 从我搬家到台北住到现在已经十年了
3-1. It is 10 years since I moved to Taipei,
3-2. It is 10 years since I have moved to Taipei.
3-3. It has been 10 years since I moved to Taipei,
3-4. It has been 10 years since I have moved to Taipei,
4. 从我搬家到台北住到当时/那时已经十年了
4-1. It was 10 years since I moved to Taipei,
4-2. It was 10 years since I had moved to Taipei.
4-3. It had been 10 years since I moved to Taipei,
4-4. It had been 10 years since I had moved to Taipei,
印象中if子句与since子句"同时"使用完成式的用法似乎没看过,也许是我阅读的还不够多
各位是否有看过同时使用完成式如上面句型的句子呢?
1-8. It has been exactly five years since her father has been dead.
2-7. It had been exactly five years since her father had died.
2-8. It had been exactly five years since her father had been dead.
3-4. It has been 10 years since I have moved to Taipei,
4-4. It had been 10 years since I had moved to Taipei,
这几句话个人觉得应该是翻的不好
请问各位高手们 你们在翻译时会选用那几个?
如果有不选的项目, 可否注明 你们不选的原因?
如果有我没想到的可能翻法 也欢迎提出一起讨论
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1F：推 l10nel:标题的 If 应是 It 吧？ 06/25 16:07
2F：→ l10nel:首先，把现在完成式和过去完成式兜在一起谈，统称完成式， 06/25 16:08
3F：→ l10nel:并且说，die这个瞬间动作不能有「完成式」，哪本文法书写得 06/25 16:09
4F：→ l10nel:如此笼统，该书就已明显失去学习时态的参考价值了。 06/25 16:12
5F：推 l10nel:任何可以有简单过去式的动词（含die在内，这已明显到无需 06/25 16:38
6F：→ l10nel:说明吧），从直接叙述改为间接叙述 reported speech 时， 06/25 16:39
7F：→ l10nel:原先为简单过去式的时态，历经backshift（时态後移）的变化 06/25 16:39
8F：→ l10nel:一律变为过去完成式，这点毫无疑问。 06/25 16:39
9F：→ l10nel:所以，说 die 不能用过去完成式是完全站不住脚的。 06/25 16:40
10F：→ tucson:我也是觉得可以用完成式 不过我想文法书上要讲的意思是说 06/25 17:47
11F：→ tucson:die 不能有现在完成式 就是不能说He has died. 他已经死了 06/25 17:47
12F：→ tucson:书上的意思是说die是瞬间动词 不能用"现在"完成式 但可说 06/25 17:48
13F：→ tucson:He has been dead. 或 He died. 这样的说法对吗? 06/25 17:49
14F：推 l10nel:died, has died, has been dead 三种形式都有适用的场合。 06/25 18:22
15F：推 l10nel:X has died 尤见於新闻报导，X 通常是公众人物。 06/25 18:25
16F：→ tucson:的确是在一些新闻上会看到用has died 的用法 没错 06/25 20:26
17F：→ tucson:但你提到有所谓的使用时机? 指的是哪些时机? 06/25 20:27
18F：推 l10nel:新闻报导即是一种时机。 06/26 02:22
19F：推 l10nel:另外，在新闻报导或时事文章之外，如果要表达过去一个动作 06/26 02:35
20F：→ l10nel:仍有「现时关联性」present relevance，都可用现在完成式， 06/26 02:36
21F：→ l10nel:如：My dog has died. 虽然狗死了是过去的动作，但现在此刻 06/26 02:37
22F：→ l10nel:我可以说：My dog is dead. I miss my dog. 06/26 02:38