The Science of Cats The internet loves cats, but did you know the print on the cats nose has a unique rigid pattern just like a fingerprint? Or that catnip really is like a drug for cats? One of its volatile oils called nepetalactone enters the cats nasal tissue and acts like an artificial cat pharamone. The sensory neurons are stimulated and ultimately trigger a behavioral and sexual response in the brain and body in around 80% of cats. 猫在网路上很受欢迎，但你知道猫鼻子上的印记有个像指纹般唯一且精确的 样式吗? 或者(你知道)猫薄荷对猫来说就像毒品一样? 猫薄荷中一样挥发性的 叫做荆芥内酯的油进入到猫的鼻子组织，就像猫的人工费洛蒙。大约 80% 的猫 的感官神经都会被刺激最终引发大脑和身体性和行为上的反应。 Which must be nice considering cats spend around 85% of their day doing absolutely nothing. Drinking, eating, defecating and even mating only take up about 4% combined. But when they are moving, they always seem to land on their feet. This is becasue of something called the "Righting Reflex". Not only do cats have very sensitive motion and gravity sensing abilities allowing them to determine which way is down, they also have an extremely flexible backbone and no collarbone. By bending in the middle and using fast twitch muscle fibers they can whip around without ever changing their net angular momentum. 细想到猫在一天中有 85% 的时间无所事事一定很棒。饮食、排便、甚至交配总共只占 4% 左右。但牠们行动时总能幸免於难，这要归功於 "Righting Reflex" 这玩意。 猫不只拥有非常灵敏的动作和重力感知的能力，这种能力能让牠们确定往下的方向， 牠们也有极端柔韧的脊骨且没有锁骨。经由在弯曲身体和运用快缩肌纤维它们就可以 快速急翻转，甚至连净角动量都不会改变。 (已修改，感谢 mhhwang，还有 BigBreast 的提示 ~) And did you know that when a cat lifts it's tail while being pet it's really inviting you to smell it's behind? Cats use scent to communicate and this exposes glands and pharamones holding their signature smell. A nice alternative to a hug or a handshake. They also rub up against you to spread these pharamones. The glands on their face, tail and body help them to claim you with their scent, while also leaving nearby cats signals about their identity, sexual availability and territory. 另外你知道当只家猫扬起牠的尾巴实际上是邀请你闻牠的屁股吗? 猫以气味来沟通 且这种行为曝露出含有牠们特徵气味的腺体和费洛蒙。是另一种的拥抱和握手。 牠们也会在你身上磨蹭来散布这些费洛蒙。牠们脸上、尾巴和身体的腺体帮助牠们用 气味认定你，同时也留给附近的猫有关牠们的身分，是否在发情期和领地范围的信号。 (请问这里的 "claim you" 有猫宣称我们饲主是属於猫的含意在吗?) On the other hand, cats bury their poop in an attempt to hide its smell. This evolutionary instinct is not only to avoid attracting predators but to show that they're submissive to a dominant cat in the wild. In the case of your house, this is your cats way of recognizing you as dominant. 另一方面，猫会把牠们的便便埋起来以掩盖气味。这种演化上的本能不只是为了在野外中 避免引来掠食者也显示对领袖的服从。在家中这就是你的猫把你当成领袖的方式。 Also in complete darkness cats can't actually see, though they can see, though they can see much better than you and I in dim light. Cats have a layer of cells behind the retina called the "Tapetum lucidum" which acts like a mirror reflecting extra light back at the retina. In near darkness this gives their eyes a second chance to pickup more light, but without any light present they can't see anymore than we can. 还有在一片漆黑当中猫没有办法看见任何东西，但在微光中看的比你我都要清楚。猫在视 网膜後有一层细胞称为 "Tapetum lucidum"，这层细胞就像镜子一样可以把额外的光反射 回视网膜。在近乎黑暗的环境这给了牠们第二次机会来收集更多的光，但完全没有光的时 候牠们就跟我们没什麽两样。 And if you ever see a cat with three distinct colours, often called a Calico or Tortoise Shell cat you can bet it's female. The fur colour gene is located on the "X" chromosome. This means females can have two colours in addition to white because they have two "X" chromosomes. The male "Y" chromosome, on the other hand, does not have any colour genes, as a result males will generally only have one colour along with white though in rare genetic cases it is possible for them to have more. 另外如果你曾经看过一只猫有三种不同的颜色，通常叫做三色猫或玳瑁猫，那麽你就可以 断定牠是雌性。毛皮颜色的基因位於 X 染色体上。这代表因为雌猫有两个 X 染色体，牠 们除了有两种不同的颜色还可以有额外的白色。另一方面雄性的 Y 染色体没有任何颜色基 因，结果就是虽然在罕见情况下有可能有更多颜色，但雄猫一般只有白色外加另一种 颜色。 Interestingly we still don't really know why cats purr. In fact cats purr both during pleasurable situations but also while they're in duress or injured. While many believe it's a means to communicate passivity or pleasure. One interesting theory suggests that the frequency that purrs occur at (24-140 Hz) promotes healthy bone growth and healing. Because cats have adapted to a lifestyle with frequent rest and sleep, this may be a low energy mechanism to promote muscle and bone health. 有趣的是我们尚未真的知晓猫咕噜咕噜的原因。事实上不管猫在高兴，被威胁或受伤的情 形下都会咕噜。然而许多人相信这是表达顺从或愉悦的手段。一个有趣的理论是处於 24 ~ 140 频率间的低鸣有助於健康骨骼的成长和治疗。因为猫已经适应於频繁的休息和睡眠的 生活风格，这可能是个增进肌肉和骨骼健康的低效机制。 (已修改) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * 因为这是 YouTube 影片的字幕，所以有可能文法本身就有错。 * 请问当一个英文句子很长时，翻译时有必要自行断句吗? 还是说英文多长就多长? 希望各位给些意见，谢谢大家喔~ 补上影片连结: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoGXr6hUTD4 --

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