Is Student Loan Debt Forgiveness a Good Idea? FEMALE 1: Going to college has become part of, like, a necessity for everyone, that the government sould be able to pay their part in order for everyone to be able to go. FEMALE 2: The idea of taxpayers, sort of, forgiving the debt is a good idea in principle, but in practice i'm not ready sure how they'd carry that out. 女性 1: 现在上大学对每个人好像都是必要的，所以政府应负担一部份让每个人都承担的 起。 女性 2: 纳税人的概念，有点...，减免债务原则上是个好想法，但实际上我不很确定他 们要如何实施。 PROFESSOR DANIEL LIN: Student loan debt has reached an all-time high, placing a great strain on many young graduates. This has led some to propose debt forgiveness as a way to help the needy. Would debt forgiveness achieve this goal? I'd say no, for two reason. First of all it would only be a temporary solution to help currently indebted students. It wouldn't change what got those students into debt in the first place. It wouldn't prevent future students from taking on even more debt. And it wouldn't reduce the pressures causing tuitions to rise. second, forgiving the debt doesn't magically make it go away: the government, meaing taxpayers, would be forced to pay it. 学贷已到了前所未有的高度，并对许多年轻毕业生造成庞大的压力。这也导致一些人题 议债务减免作为帮助此需求的方法。债务减免可以达到这个目标吗? 我会说不行，有两 个理由。第一，它对於目前负债中的学生只是个暂时性的解决方案。它首先不会改变使 学生陷入债务的真正原因。它没办法预防未来的学生过度举债。促使学费上涨的压力也 不会减少。第二，债务减免并不代表债务就这麽神奇的消失: 政府也就是纳税人，将被 迫偿还这些债务。 With our enormous national debt, that's pretty hard to justify, especially since college graduates, on the whole, are one of the more privileged groups in the country. After all, college graduates have higher wages and a lower unemployment rate than the national average. Plus, they have already benefited from government subsidies in the form of grants, tax credits, subsidized tuition, and subsidized loans. Forgiving the debt of college graduates would be giving money to a group that's already relatively well off. 在现存庞大的国债下，这真的很难来评断，特别是因为整体而言，大学毕业生是 国家中比较幸运的一群。毕竟他们相对於全国平均有更高的薪资水准和更低的失 业率。再者，他们已从政府的补贴，以奖学金、税额减免、补贴学费、补贴贷款 的形式中受益。减免大学毕业生的债务会相当於拿钱给已经相对富裕的人。 Of course, many college graduates are still struggling to find jobs and pay back their loans. But instead of debt forgiveness there's another reform that would give relief to those carring large amounts of student debt. Under current law, all student loans, public and private, are non dischargeable. This means that unlike all other types of loans, borrowers cannot get rid of their student debt through bankruptcy. the government will get it back by taking your tax refund, denying federal benifits, and garnishing your paycheck. This makes lenders less careful about who receives student loans. There are no credit checks, no underwriting, and no collateral, as there would be for virtually any other loan-approval process. Students are offered loans even if they use the funds for a degree with little market value. Why be choosey if a loan is guaranteed? 当然，许多大学毕业生还是很难找到工作并偿还他们的债务。但撇开债务减免这个方法， 还有另一种改良的方式可以救济那些背负庞大学贷的人。在现行法律下，不管是公共或 私人的学贷，都是不可免除的。这表示不像所有其他类型的债务，借款者无法因为破产而 摆脱它。政府会收回你的退税，拒绝提供社会补助，也会扣除你的薪水。这使得借款人更 不关心谁可得到借款。不检查信用，没有保险，也没有抵押，实质上如同没有任何其他的 贷款核准程序。就算学生只有低市值的资金他也能得到借款。如果保证能回收，那何必 这麽挑剔呢? One way to fix this is by allowing student loans to be discharged in bankrupty. Lenders could no longer use the government as collection agency. Bad loans would become a problem for the lenders, who would then have better incentives to be careful with their loans. This would lead to fewer loans or loans with higher interest rates. This may sound bad for barrowers, but it'd be important for giving borrowers the right incentives as well. Instead of taking on debt before thinking through the repercussions, they'd have to have a plan for paying them back. Finally, with fewer loans being givin out, colleges would have less fuel for tuition increases and feel greater pressure to control their costs. 一项解决的方法是允许学生在破产後可以免除债务。借款人不可再把政府当作 讨债公司。呆帐可能成为借款人的问题，接着他们会对放款更加的谨慎。这会 导致更少的放款和更高的利率。这听起来对借款者是个坏消息，但给借款人正确 的动机也很重要。与其考虑到後果前就先举债，他们必须有个偿还计画。最後， 当更少的贷款被放出时，大学也会有更低的诱因来增加学费。它们对於控制支出 也会有更大的压力。 Student debt forgiveness may be a tempting idea, but it would just shift the burden onto taxpayers while doing nothing to address the fundamental causes of tuition increases and mounting student debt. Making student debt dischargable in bankruptcy is a good first step toward reform that would better address the concerns of students both now and in the future. 学贷减免可能是个诱人的主意，但它只是当对於找到学费高涨的原因没有任何动作， 和增加学贷时，把负担转移到纳税人身上而已。让学生在破产时免除债务是改革好的 第一步，这可以更好的满足和现在和未来学生有关的重要事情。 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 这是影片连结: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7Q1UfWYQkQ 有关经济的专有名词很多，也查不太到，像 federal benifit 我只找到是社会补助 相关的东西，还有 grant、tax credit、subsidized tuition、subsidized loan 那一长串，我只有 subsidized loan 有在国家教育研究院找到，其他都是大陆或 我自己觉得的翻法，如果有正确的译名的话，请麻烦告诉我；还有翻译不顺或根本 错误的也尽量纠正我，谢谢大家! --

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