※ [本文转录自 book 看板 #1HrXlGj- ] 作者: decorum (Festina Lente) 看板: book 标题: [心得] 翻译的丑闻：天生爱学样 时间: Fri Jul 5 09:05:16 2013 Curiosity kills the cat. 有时候人是不该放纵自己的好奇心的。 只因为刚读完 Thinking, Fast and Slow 想看看很畅销但被人骂翻的中文翻译本是什麽样子， 於是有了上面的纠错文字。 洪兰说她是仓促间翻成的。不论这种态度是否合理正确， 好歹她先给自己一个下台阶，可怜买书的读者。 因此查了洪兰的着作资历，发现她有本译作「天生爱学样：发现镜像神经元」 得到中文世界最重要的科普着作奖：第五届吴大猷科学普及着作奖， 而且是最高的「金签奖」。 吴大猷基金会设在中研院物理所内，科学普及着作奖还台积电文教基金会等支援， 应该有严谨的评审制度吧，可惜拿来一阅，事有大谬不然者！ 根据 第五届吴大猷科学普及着作奖 徵奖办法 评选标准： 以启发性、信（内容丰富正确）、达（表达清楚）、趣（吸引读者、可读性高）为标准， 其中「内容正确」为入选之必要条件。 http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/~tywufund/award/2009/method_05.htm 大家且看底下的揪出来的错误，只是短短几页的东西，居然就有 那麽多可笑的错误，不敢想像如果抓到底，全书到底有几百个甚至上千个 错误。 「天生爱学样：发现镜像神经元」哪点合於评选标准了？？ 说来这只电脑前的猫咪还真该死，居然又忍不住好奇心，查了评审委员名单， 发现了: 两地各推荐十本着作进入决审，决审审书过程由 5 月中旬开始，至 7 月初 结束，本届决审委员会由中央研究院院士王倬、朱国瑞、曾志朗、李太枫、沈 元壤、黄秉乾组成进行评选工作，并於 7 月初举行决审会议，选出了创作类及 翻译类的金签奖、银签奖，及佳作作品。 http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/~tywufund/download/award/2009/recipient.pdf 只能够说：这已经是丑闻了。 曾志朗、洪兰夫妇，你们让我觉得恶心！ -------------- 天生爱学样：发现镜像神经元 Mirroring people 作者：Marco Iacoboni 译者：洪兰 出版社：远流 出版日期：2009年07月01日 语言：繁体中文 ISBN：9789573264941 装订：平装 http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010439657 -------------------- When we get right down to it, what do we human beings do all day long? We read the world, especially the people we encounter. My face in the mirror first thing in the morning doesn’t look too good, but the face beside me in the mirror tells me that my lovely wife is off to a good start. One glance at my eleven-year-old daughter at the breakfast table tells me to tread carefully and sip my espresso in silence. When a colleague reaches for a wrench in the laboratory, I know he’s going to work on the magnetic stimulation machine, and he’s not going to throw his tool against the wall in anger. When another colleague walks in with a grin or a smirk on her face— the line can be fine indeed, the product of tiny differences in the way we set our face muscles—I automatically and almost instantaneously can discern which it is. We all make dozens—hundreds—of such distinctions every day. It is, quite literally, what we do. 仔细想一想，我们其实不知道自己每天干了什麽事。我们阅读世界，尤其是每天所碰到的 人。早晨一起床，镜中的我的脸不怎麽好看，但是镜中我旁边人的脸告诉我，我太太今天 应该很愉快。看一眼早餐桌旁我十一岁女儿的脸告诉我，今天最好小心一点，不要多话， 安静的喝我的义大利浓缩咖啡。当实验室的同事伸手去拿扳手时，我知道他是要修理磁刺 激仪器，而不是生气的要把扳手丢向墙壁。当另外一个同事脸上高兴或得意的笑时，脸上 肌肉微乎其微的差别，我就自动的、几乎立刻察觉她的心情。我们每天做几十个、几百个 这种区辨。这就是我们每天在做的事 。 -------------------- 评： When we get right down to it, what do we human beings do all day long? 洪兰：仔细想一想，我们其实不知道自己每天干了什麽事。 原书正文的第一句，居然就被改头换面，委实不是好的开始。 -------------------- Nor do we give any of this a second thought. It all seems so ordinary. However, it is actually extraordinary—and extraordinary that it feels ordinary! For centuries, philosophers scratched their heads over humans’ ability to understand one another. Their befuddlement was reasonable: they had essentially no science to work with. For the past 150 years or so, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and neuroscientists have had some science to work with—and in the past fifty years, a lot of science—and for a long time they continued to scratch their heads. No one could begin to explain how it is that we know what others are doing, thinking, and feeling. 我们的这些行为都是想都不想就在做，看起来理所当然，但这其实是非常的特殊─特殊到 看起来理所当然！千百年来，哲学家一直搔头，想搞清楚人怎麽能够了解彼此，他们的迷 惑是可以理解的，因为他们没有任何的科学知识使他们可以着手研究。但是过去的一百五 十年来，心理学家、认知科学家和神经科学家已经有科学知识可以着手研究了，而最近的 五十年，可供科学家研究的科学知识和技术更多了。但他们还是继续搔头，不能了解，没 有人可以解释我们怎麽知道别人在做什麽、想什麽和感觉到什麽。 -------------------- 评： However, it is actually extraordinary—and extraordinary that it feels ordinary! 洪兰：但这其实是非常的特殊─特殊到看起来理所当然！ 当作：但这其实是很不寻常的，而其不寻常，就在於我们觉得它很平常。 -------------------- Now we can. We achieve our very subtle understanding of other people thanks to certain collections of special cells in the brain called mirror neurons. These are the tiny miracles that get us through the day. They are at the heart of how we navigate through our lives. They bind us with each other, mentally and emotionally. 现在我们可以了。感谢大脑中的镜像神经元（mirror neurons），我们终於知道别人在做 什麽了。这些镜像神经元真是奇蹟，它让我们顺利的度过每一天，它使我们能够在心灵上 和情绪上跟别人结合在一起。 -------------------- 评： thanks to 是「因为」 （because of someone or something） 的意思，翻成「感谢」 虽然也可以，但味道就是有些不大对劲。 certain collections of special cells in the brain 没译 这是本书十分关键的一句话，作者在此解释「镜像神经元」是什麽东西，否则读者看了半 天，也不会知道它们其实是某些脑细胞的集合体。 这麽重要的一句话，居然没译出来。 -------------------- Why do we give ourselves over to emotion during the carefully crafted, heartrending scenes in certain movies? Because mirror neurons in our brains re-create for us the distress we see on the screen. We have empathy for the fictional characters—we know how they’re feeling—because we literally experience the same feelings ourselves. And when we watch the movie stars kiss on-screen? Some of the cells firing in our brain are the same ones that fire when we kiss our lovers. “Vicarious” is not a strong enough word to describe the effect of these mirror neurons. When we see someone else suffering or in pain, mirror neurons help us to read her or his facial expression and actually make us feel the suffering or the pain of the other person. These moments, I will argue, are the foundation of empathy and possibly of morality, a morality that is deeply rooted in our biology. Do you watch sports on television? If so, you must have noticed the many “reaction shots” in the stands: the fan frozen with anticipation, the fan ecstatic over the play. (This is especially true for baseball broadcasts, with all the downtime between pitches.) 为什麽我们在看电影时，会跟着剧中人的喜怒哀乐而情绪起伏，甚至一掬同情之泪？因为 大脑中的镜像神经元替我们重新创造了电影中生离死别的场景，我们对剧中人产生同理心 ─我们知道他的感觉─因为我们自己也经验过同样的感觉。当我们看到银幕上明星彼此亲 吻时，大脑中在我们亲吻爱人时活化的那些神经细胞也活化了。「替身」（vicarious） 这个字还不足以描述这些镜像神经元的作用。当我们看到别人受苦时，镜像神经元使我们 读懂他脸上的表情而让我们感受到别人的痛苦，我认为，在这个时候我们的感觉就是同理 心或道德的基础。道德是有生物性基础的。你有看电视转播的球类比赛吗？假如有，你就 会注意到观众席上的投球反应：观众因期待而暂时停止呼吸，全身僵住，如果篮球投中了 ，棒球打到了，观众会狂喜（这在棒球赛实况转播时，特别明显）。 -------------------- 评： 「替身」（vicarious）? 洪兰前面用过「感同身受」一词，明明很贴切这个英文字的意思，这里却偏偏要用「替身 」，不幸这个现成的中文词，压根儿不是「感同身受」的意思。 you must have noticed the many “reaction shots” in the stands 洪兰: 你就会注意到观众席上的投球反应 “reaction shots” in the stands是对观众的「特写镜头」。看过球赛转播的都知道， 转播单位常提供观众反应的画面。洪兰显然不明白，也不去查一查，就硬着头皮翻了。 而且，什麽球赛是在观众席上投球的？一看就该知道有问题。 (This is especially true for baseball broadcasts, with all the downtime between pitches.) 洪兰: （这在棒球赛实况转播时，特别明显） with all the downtime between pitches 失踪了。 棒球迷都知道，投手投球之间的短暂停顿 ，充满了紧张的气氛， 是让人心跳暴冲的时刻。译者搞不清楚球赛和转播的过程， 前面还卯起来干，到这里索性视毁屍灭迹。 ----------------------------- These shots are effective television because our mirror neurons make sure that by seeing these emotions, we share them. To see the athletes perform is to perform ourselves. Some of the same neurons that fire when we watch a player catch a ball also fire when we catch a ball ourselves. It is as if by watching, we are also playing the game. We understand the players’ actions because we have a template in our brains for that action, a template based on our own movements. Since different actions share similar movement properties and activate similar muscles, we don’t have to be skilled players to “mirror ” the athletes in our brain. The mirror neurons of a non-tennis-playing fan will fire when watching a pro smash an overhead, because the non-tennis-playing fan has certainly made other kinds of overhead movements with his arm throughout his life; the equivalent neurons of a fan such as me, who also plays the game, will obviously be activated much more strongly. And if I’m watching Roger Federer, I bet my mirror neurons must be firing wildly, because I’m a big Federer fan. 我们大脑中的镜像神经元让我们在看到电视转播时，感受到同样的情绪，跟他们是一体的 。我们看到球员比赛就好像我们自己在比赛一样，我们看到球员接到球时所活化的神经元 跟我们自己接到球时活化的一样，我们了解球员的动作，因为我们大脑中有做那个动作的 样板，这个样板是以我们自己的肌肉动作为基础所形成的。因为不同的行为其实有许多基 本动作是相同的，所以我们不必是杰出的运动员就能了解真正的运动员动用到的是哪些神 经元。不是网球好手的网球迷看到球员杀球时，他大脑的镜像神经元一样活化起来，因为 他一定曾用自己的手臂杀过球。像我这种参加过比赛的网球迷，大脑中镜像神经元的活化 就更厉害了。假如我在看费德勒（Roger Federer）比赛的话，我相信我的镜像神经元一 定活化得更厉害，因为我是费德勒的大球迷。 ----------------------------- 评： These shots are effective television 没翻 指的是现场观众的特写镜头，对电视观众很有感染力。 不翻不错，倒也俐落。 继续看下去....... ----------------------------- Mirror neurons undoubtedly provide, for the first time in history, a plausible neurophysiological explanation for complex forms of social cognition and interaction. By helping us recognize the actions of other people, mirror neurons also help us to recognize and understand the deepest motives behind those actions, the intentions of other individuals. The empirical study of intention has always been considered almost impossible, because intentions were deemed too “mental” to be studied with empirical tools. How do we even know that other people have mental states similar to our own? Philosophers have mulled over this “problem of other minds” for centuries, with very little progress. Now they have some real science to work with. Research on mirror neurons gives them and everyone interested in how we understand one another some remarkable food for thought. 镜像神经元在历史上，第一次提供了一个解释我们复杂的社会认知互动神经生理机制的可 能性。它帮助我们辨识别人的动作，也帮助我们了解这些动作背後深层的动机，以及跟别 人互动的意图。心理学上一直认为研究意图是个难度超高、几乎不可能的事情，因为意图 太抽象、太心智化了，不太容易用实验仪器捕捉。我们怎麽知道别人有跟我们一样的心智 状态？哲学家为了这个「别人的心智问题」已经思索几百年，都没有什麽进展，但是现在 镜像神经元的研究给了他们以及所有对人如何了解彼此有兴趣的人，一个可以思考的材料 。 ----------------------------- 评： Mirror neurons undoubtedly provide, for the first time in history, a plausible neurophysiological explanation for complex forms of social cognition and interaction. 洪兰：镜像神经元在历史上，第一次提供了一个解释我们复杂的社会认知互动神经生理机 制的可能性 「复杂的社会认知互动神经生理机制」 这这这........ 这是中文吗？洪兰居然是「抢救国文教育联盟」的一份子！ 当作：对於复杂的社会认知与社会互动，镜像神经元为我们提供了一项 神经生理学方面的可能解释，而这是前所未有的。 ----------------------------- Consider the teacup experiment I dreamed up some years back, which I’ll discuss in considerable detail later. The test subjects are shown three video clips involving the same simple action: a hand grasping a teacup. In one, there is no context for the action, just the hand and the cup. In another, the subjects see a messy table, complete with cookie crumbs and dirty napkins —the aftermath of a tea party, clearly. The third video shows a neatly organized tabletop, in apparent preparation for the tea party. In all three video clips, a hand reaches in to pick up the teacup. Nothing else happens, so the grasping action observed by the subjects in the experiment is exactly the same. The only difference is the context. 多年前我曾经做过一个茶杯的实验（我下面还会更详细的讨论它）。我给受试者看三小段 的录影带，都是一只手握着一个杯子这个简单的动作。一段录影带中是没有背景的，就只 是一只手握着一个杯子。第二段的背景是脏乱的桌子，上面有饼乾屑、用过的餐巾，很显 然是茶叙之後的情形。第三段是整整齐齐的桌子，上面排了餐巾和点心，显然是在准备茶 叙。在这三段录影带中都有一只手握着一个杯子，动作一模一样，惟一的差别是背景。 ----------------------------- dreamed up （凭空设想）没翻。 ----------------------------- Do mirror neurons in the brains of our subjects note the difference in the contexts? Yes. When the subject is observing the grasping scene with no context at all, mirror neurons are the least active. They are more active when the subject is watching either of the scenes and most active when watching the neat scene. Why? Because drinking is a much more fundamental intention for us than is cleaning up. The teacup experiment is now well known in the field of neuroscience, but it is not an isolated result: solid empirical evidence suggests that our brains are capable of mirroring the deepest aspects of the minds of others—intention is definitely one such aspect— at the fine-grained level of a single brain cell. This is utterly remarkable. Equally remarkable is the effortlessness of this simulation. We do not have to draw complex inferences or run complicated algorithms. Instead, we use mirror neurons. 受试者大脑中的镜像神经元，会因为这些背景的不同而有不同程度的活化吗？答案是会。 当受试者只看到手握着杯子、没有任何背景时，他大脑中镜像神经元活化的程度最低；在 看准备茶叙的背景图时，活化得最多。为什麽？因为喝茶的基本意图比善後强多了。这个 实验现在在神经科学上很有名，但它不是单一的结果：有许多实验显示我们的大脑可以模 仿别人最深层的心智意图─而这意图是以单细胞这麽小的单位来界定的，这真是了不起。 更了不起的是这个模拟是毫不费力的，我们完全不需要去找繁复的参考资料，也不需要做 复杂的运算，只要用镜像神经元就可以做到了。 ----------------------------- 评： Do mirror neurons in the brains of our subjects note the difference in the contexts? 洪兰：受试者大脑中的镜像神经元，会因为这些背景的不同而有不同程度的活化吗？ 当作：受试者大脑中的镜像神经元，是否注意到这些情境的不同之处呢？ solid empirical evidence 洪兰：有许多实验.... 当作：可靠的实验证据 solid empirical evidence suggests that our brains are capable of mirroring the deepest aspects of the minds of others—intention is definitely one such aspect— at the fine-grained level of a single brain cell. 洪兰：有许多实验显示我们的大脑可以模仿别人最深层的心智意图─而这意图是以单细胞 这麽小的单位来界定的， 原文哪来的「界定」？ 当作：可靠的实验证据间接显示(suggests＝imply; state something indirectly ): 我们在脑部单细胞的细微层次，就能模仿他人心智的最深层面向，而意图无疑是 这些面向中的一部分。 作者认为这些实验指向某些可能的结论，但并没有那麽肯定，还有几分希望或保留的语气 ；洪兰却说得像是尘埃落定的结论似的。 ----------------------------- 博客来的书摘底下略过原文几页的内容，应该只是节选的缘故。 我手头没有翻译的纸本书，无法比对。 但对於如此离谱的翻译，我的耐性也只到这里了，暂时就此打住。 -- There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love. --- Chuck Palahniuk --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 203.67.161.19 ※ 编辑: decorum 来自: 203.67.161.19 (07/05 09:12)

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ※ 转录者: johanna (114.43.242.110), 时间: 07/05/2013 10:18:24