非常感谢您的回文和rewrite。完全同意您说的，如果一篇文章从一开始就不是一篇好文 章，可能会造成翻译上的困难。 它的确是节录，但因为是考题，篇幅限制，也只能节录... 我的程度不好，无法判别这篇文章是否写的不好，只知道真的好文言...您的rewrite的确 是让文意明显许多，可是就我的理解，我以为这篇文章大概的意思是说： 在报纸和电视这两大传媒中，文化的生产并非中性的，直观上来说，掌握生产工具 的那一方相较之下拥有较大发言权力(或者说某种程度上的「发散、文化制造的权力」)， 然而以更广泛的层次而言，应该说是社会、经济、政治等等阶级背景所带出的利益关系， 造成这个权力不平等的状况。 我的理解是将第一段拆成： In the case of newspapers and television programs there has been an effectively predominant integration of cultural production with: 1.the general conditions of privileged ownership of the means of production and 2.the consequent (wage-labor) employment of the actual producers. 所以那个predominant integration of cultural production就是有着上述1和2的影响。 但是根据您的rewrite，把1的因素拉成全部，变成掌有生产工具是影响文化生产的唯一因 素，以及循此而来的the implications of these ownership (e.g.,: how it may affect the wage-labor relationship and the cost structure)(引自lifegetter)。 我不知道自己的理解是不是对的，这篇文章真的好难(抓头)，希望板上各位高手能继续指 点^^ ※ 引述《lifegetter (萍境)》之铭言： : 希望不要引起太多争议… ::pray:: : Part of the translation problems here starts with the English article itself. : Let me try to rewrite the first paragraph. : Newspapers and television programs are affected by the ownership of : the means of their production and the implications of these ownership (e.g., : how it may affect the wage-labor relationship and the cost structure). : Beyond what is visible to the general public, the integration of cultural : production is often dominated by the ideology of the owners of these means. : Because this paragraph is only an excerpt, I am sure that i have been 断章取义, : but i only want to illustrate that often the English writings we try to : translate are poorly written in the first place. : Imho, "direct translation" of these poorly-written articles causes the : difficulty. Now the question is, should we understand what the : article tries to say (which will require the translator to also be an expert : in the field), and "translate" the "contents" only and not the article : per se? This is where I don't want to start another fight similar to the : previous one. :) : On the other hand, I think we may all agree that the Chinese language has : been irreversably damaged in the last thirty years by these poorly-written : English articles. : sorry...i am rushing to be on my way to Taipei so i don't have time to write : this out in Chinese. : ※ 引述《undine (on pense)》之铭言： : : Newspapers and television : : In the case of newspapers and television programs there has been an : : effectively predominant integration of cultural production with the general : : conditions of privileged ownership of the means of production and the : : consequent (wage-labor) employment of the actual producers. : : 文化生产在报纸和电视媒体中，已存在着一种强大而优势的运作方式；藉着握有生产制造 : : 机制及劳资关系的牵制，在整体以及实际制程中，影响着文化成品的产出形貌。 : : Thus, except in certain marginal cases, to practice is to enter these : : conditions of practice, and certain fundamental kinds of determination, : : whether (as often) directly economic, or (as again often) political, in the : : congruence between the forms of privileged ownership and the general forms of : : the socio-political order, or more generally cultural, in an administered : : compatibility between the actual production and the dominant interests of the : : social orders as seen from just these conditions, then undoubtedly operate. : : 因此，除了一些边缘案例之外，我们甚至可以这样说，藉着生产机制的掌握及社会政治的 : : 阶序关系，或者，就某种文化上更为广泛的意义而言，在实际制程及阶级利益之间，无论 : : 是经济上直接地，或者政治上某种权力运作，无庸置疑地宰治了实际的文化产出方式。 --

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