Policymaking in the United States 美国的政策制定 The United States has a non-centralize system.It has a national (or general )government-which functions in many areas for many purposes-but not a central government controlling all the lines of political communication and decision making. 自译:美国实行非中央集权的体制，它有国家政府系统，它的功能因多种目的存在於 很多地区。但可不是一个极权政府掌控所有政治沟通的路线以及决策上的制定。 The 50 states are not creatures of the federal government;like it, they derive their authority directly from the people.Structurally,they are substantially immune from federal interference.Functionally,they share many activities with the federal government,without forfeiting their policy-making roles and decision-making powers. 自译:美国的50个州并不是联邦政府的产物，换言之，它们当局的权力来源直接来自 於人民。就结构面来说，它们大体上免於联邦的干涉。就功能面来看，它们没 有丧失它们制定政策的角色及拥有决策制定的力量，并且和联邦政府共享许多 活动。 Decentralization implies hierarchy--a pyramid of governments with gradations of power.Non-centralization describes a matrix of governments with powers so distributed that the rank order of the several governments is not fixed. For example,the national government is primary in the field of foreign affairs ,but the states are primary in the field of eduacation. 自译:地方分权意指阶级体系--一个逐渐掌握权力政府的金字塔。非中央集权描述到 一个力量太过分散的政府会导致许多政府的秩序不稳定。举例来说，国家政府 主要负责的是外交事务的领域，而州则是负责教育的领域。 -- We either make ourself miserable, or we make ourselfves strong, the amount of work is the same.... --

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