※ 引述《apple0731 (哀愁的预感)》之铭言： : Policymaking in the United States : 美国的政策制定 : The United States has a non-centralize system.It has a national (or general : )government-which functions in many areas for many purposes-but not a central : government controlling all the lines of political communication and decision : making. : 自译:美国实行非中央集权的体制，它有国家政府系统，它的功能因多种目的存在於 : 很多地区。但可不是一个极权政府掌控所有政治沟通的路线以及决策上的制定。 national: 全国性; areas: 专业 地方 (非地理位置); central government: 中央政府 : The 50 states are not creatures of the federal government;like it, they derive : their authority directly from the people.Structurally,they are substantially : immune from federal interference.Functionally,they share many activities with : the federal government,without forfeiting their policy-making roles and : decision-making powers. like it, they derive their authority directly from the people 她们的权责和联邦政府一样,直接由人民授予 share: 共同参予; forfeiting: 放弃 : 自译:美国的50个州并不是联邦政府的产物，换言之，它们当局的权力来源直接来自 : 於人民。就结构面来说，它们大体上免於联邦的干涉。就功能面来看，它们没 : 有丧失它们制定政策的角色及拥有决策制定的力量，并且和联邦政府共享许多 : 活动。 : Decentralization implies hierarchy--a pyramid of governments with gradations : of power.Non-centralization describes a matrix of governments with powers : so distributed that the rank order of the several governments is not fixed. : For example,the national government is primary in the field of foreign : affairs, but the states are primary in the field of eduacation. : 自译:地方分权意指阶级体系--一个逐渐掌握权力政府的金字塔。非中央集权描述到 : 一个力量太过分散的政府会导致许多政府的秩序不稳定。举例来说，国家政府 : 主要负责的是外交事务的领域，而州则是负责教育的领域。 a pyramid of governments: 由许多政府搭起来的金字塔架构 gradations of power: 权力逐层递减(增) a matrix of goverments: 一组政府 the rank order...is not fixed: 权力等级高低并非固定 联邦政府主要负责外交，而州主要负责教育。 --

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